Практичні заняття

3 Курс

Змістовий Модуль 9: Компанія. Інформація про галузевий підрозділ

Практичне заняття №1

Тема заняття: Типи компаній

Хід заняття

Company Types in Ukraine

Ltd.

The most popular business legal form in Ukraine is Ltd. This type of companies is registered on a standard chart and in the earliest possible dates. The founders of Ltd. can be naturales persons or/and legal persons (residents or/and non-residents). Thus founders do not carry responsibility for a company and actions of its public servants, and their possible losses are limited to the size of part in share capital. Limited companies can conduct practically any types of activity, including licensed. An alike types of companies in Europe is GMBH (in Germany, Switzerland, Austria) and Ltd. (in England).Company with foreign investments and Foreign company. From recent time, the Ukrainian legislation does not select CFI (no less than 10 % foreign capital) and FC, as a separate legal form of business. Investor with any percent of foreign capital in share capital of Ltd., JSC or another kind of business, can count on defence of the capital, government assistance and unimpeded conclusion. In addition, foreign investors have other advantages during realization of export-import operations and organization of business in Ukraine. However, companies with foreign capital can not practicale in some types of activity, the list of which is officially ratified of government.

Joint-stock company

Joint-stock companies in Ukraine can be public (PJSC) and private (PrJSC) types. This type of companies has a great number of analogues in the whole world. Mainly, JSC are created for a bank, insurance and other financial types of activity, and also for organization of activity of large production capacities and enterprises with the closed loop of production.

The Ukrainian legislation selects also some other legal forms of business: NP SB (a natural person is a subject of business); PE (private enterprise, company with the simplified system of registration, legal relationships of founders practically are not well-regulated); complete society, society with additional responsibility.

Representative office

It is separately possible to select such form of business in Ukraine, as a representative office of foreign company.  Status of representative offices allows to get the row of additional tax and custom deductions, and also to use other advantages for work in Ukraine.

Граматичний матеріал: Повторення часів Perfect.

Ex. 1. Read the situations and write sentences. Choose one of the following:

arrive break go up grow improve lose

1. Mike is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key.

2. Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster. She ---

3. Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is much better. ---

4. Tim didn't have a beard last month. Now he has a beard. ---

5. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. ---

6. Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90. ---

Ex. 2. Complete Bs sentences. Use the verb in brackets + just/already/yet (as sbown).

1. A: Would you like something to eat?

B: No, thanks. I've just had lunch. (just/have)

2. A: Do you know where Julia is?

B: Yes, I --- her. (just/see)

3. A: What time is David leaving?

B: He --- (already/leave)

4. A: What's in the newspaper today?

B: I don't know. I --- (not/read/yet)

5. A: Is Ann coming to the cinema with us?

B: No, she --- the film. (already/see)

6. A: Are your friends here yet?

B: Yes, they --- (just/arrive)

7. A: What does Tim think about your plan?

B: I --- (not/tell/yet)

Ex. 3. Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets.

1. You went to Jill's house but she wasn't there. (she/go/out) She had gone out.

2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn't the same as before.

(it/change/a lot)

3. I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn't come.

(she/arrange/to do something else)

4. You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late.

(the film/already/begin)

5. I was very pleased to see Tim again after such a long time.

(I/not/see/him for five years)

6. I offered Sue something to eat but she wasn't hungry.

(she/just/have/breakfast)

Ex. 4. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.).

1. 'Was Tom at the party when you arrived?' 'No, he had gone (go) home.'

2. I felt very tire when I got home, so I --- (go) straight to bed.

3. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody --- (go) to bed.

4. Sorry I'm late. The car --- (break) down on my way here.

5. We were driving along the road when we --- (see) a car which. --- (break) down, so we --- (stop) to see if we could help.

Домашнє завдання:

1. Опрацювати програмний матеріал.

2. Виконати граматичні завдання.

3. Робота з фаховим текстом.

Практичне заняття №2

Тема заняття: Партнерство. Співробітництво.

Partnership

A partnership is an arrangement where entities and/or individuals agree to cooperate to advance their interests. In the most frequent instance, a partnership is formed between one or more businesses in which partners (owners) co-labor to achieve and share profits or losses.

Partnerships are also frequent regardless of and among sectors. Non-profit organizations, for example, may partner together to increase the likelihood of each achieving their mission. Governments may partner with other governments to achieve their mutual goals, as may religious and political organizations. In education, accrediting agencies increasingly evaluate schools by the level and quality of their partnerships with other schools and across sectors. Partnerships also occur at personal levels, such as when two or more individuals agree to domicile together. Partnerships between governments, interest-based organizations, schools, businesses, and individuals, or some combination thereof, have always been and remain commonplace.

Partnerships have widely varying results and can present partners with special challenges. Levels of give-and-take, areas of responsibility, lines of authority, and overarching goals of the partnership must all be negotiated. While partnerships stand to amplify mutual interests and success, some are considered ethically problematic, or at least debatable. When a politician, for example, partners with a corporation to advance the corporation's interest in exchange for some benefit, a conflict of interest may make the partnership problematic from the standpoint of the public good. Developed countries often strongly regulate certain partnerships via anti-trust laws, so as to to inhibit monopolistic practices and foster free market competition.

Among developed countries, business partnerships are often favored over corporations in taxation policy, since dividend taxes only occur on profits before they are distributed to the partners. However, depending on the partnership structure and the jurisdiction in which it operates, owners of a partnership may be exposed to greater personal liability than they would as shareholders of a corporation.

Cooperation

Cooperation, co-operation or coöperation is the process of working or acting together, which can be accomplished by both intentional and non-intentional agents. In its simplest form it involves things working in harmony, side by side, while in its more complicated forms, it can involve something as complex as the inner workings of a human being or even the social patterns of a nation. It is the alternative to working separately in competition. Cooperation can also be accomplished by computers, which can handle shared resources simultaneously, while sharing processor timeю

Cooperative systems

Cooperation, more formally speak is how the components of a system work together to achieve the global properties. In other words, individual components that appear to be “selfish” and independent work together to create a highly complex, greater-than-the-sum-of-its-parts system. Examples can be found all around us. The components in a cell work together to keep it living. Cells work together and communicate to produce multicultural organisms. Organisms form food chains and ecosystems. People form families, gangs, cities and nations. Neurons create thought and consciousness. Atoms cooperate in a simple way, by combining to make up molecules. Understanding the mechanisms that create cooperating agents in a system is one of the most important and least well understood phenomena in nature, though there has not been a lack of effort. Individual action on behalf of a larger system may be coerced (forced), voluntary (freely chosen), or even unintentional, and consequently individuals and groups might act in concert even though they have almost nothing in common as regards interests or goals. Examples of that can be found in market trade, military wars, families, workplaces, schools and prisons, and more generally any institution or organization of which individuals are part (out of own choice, by law, or forced).

Граматичний матеріал: Повторення часів Perfect.

Ex. 1. Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.

1. _I've lost_ my key. I can't find it anywhere. RIGHT

2. _Have you seen_ the news on television last night? WRONG: Did you see

3. _I've bought_ a new car. Do you want to see it? ---

4. _I've bought_ a new car last week. ---

5. Where _have you been_ yesterday evening? ---

6. Jenny _has left_ school in 1991. ---

7. I'm looking for Mike. _Have you seen_ him? ---

8. I'm very hungry. _I haven't eaten_ anything today. ---

9. Diane _hasn't been_ at work yesterday. ---

10. When _has this book been_ published? ---

Ex. 2. Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.

1. I don't know where Amy is. Have you seen (you/see) her?

2. When I --- (get) home last night, I --- (be) very tired and I --- (go) straight to bed.

3. Your car looks very clean --- (you/wash) it?

4. George --- (not/be) very well last week.

5. Mr. Clark --- (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.

6. Molly lives in Dublin. She --- (live) there all her life.

7 --- (you/go) to the cinema last night?' 'Yes, but it --- (be) a mistake. The film (be) awful.

8. My grandfather --- (die) 30 years ago. I --- (never/meet) him.

9. I don't know Carol's husband. I --- (never/meet/him).

10. A: Is your father at home?

B: No, I'm afraid he --- (go) out.

A: When exactly --- (he/go) out? B: About ten minutes ago.

11. A: Where do you live?

B: In Boston.

A: How long --- (you/live) there?

B: Five years.

A: Where --- (you/live) before that?

B: In Chicago.

A: And how long --- (you/live) in Chicago?

B: Two years.

Ex. 3. Read the situations and write sentences ending with before. Use the verb given in brackets.

1. The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight.

(fly) He had never flown before. OR He hadn't flown before.

2. A woman walked into the room. She was a complete stranger to me.

(see) I --- before.

3. Simon played tennis yesterday. He wasn't very good at it because it was his first game.

(play) He ---

Домашнє завдання:

1. Опрацювати програмний матеріал.

2. Виконати граматичні завдання.

3. Робота з фаховим текстом.