UNIT

Business activity

Texts	1 Busjness hours
	2 Types of businesses in the UK
	3 Incorporation
	4 Forms of businesses in the USA
	5 Takeovers and mergers
Grammar	1 Простые времена в пассивном залоге
Revision	2 Личные и притяжательные местоимения
	3 The verbs to have, have got

Text 1: Business hours

The standard working day in the United Kingdom and the USA starts at 9:00 a. m. and lasts till 5:00 p. m. with lunch time from 1:00 p. m. to 2:00 p. m. Many banks are usually open for customers from 9:30 a. m. to 3:30 p. m. Some busi­nesses and industries traditionally work different hours.

Most employees have a five-day working week, Monday through Friday. The working week is between 35 and 40 hours long. Overtime is quite common and is generally paid, often at a premium to the basic rate of pay. The week­end usually starts on Friday night and lasts till Monday.

Thus on Saturdays and Sundays most businesses are closed. But as to shops they are open on Saturdays and some of them are open on Sundays.

In Britain the law does not say what shops can be open on Sun­days but it says what goods can be sold on Sundays. They are newspapers, magazines and fresh food. If the law is broken, crimi­nal proceedings may be taken. Many officials and the public de­mand that the Sunday trading rules should be abolished in the UK. Most businesses are closed on public or national holidays. The main public holidays of the UK are as follows:

New Year's Day 1 January

Good Friday in April

Easter in April

Easter Monday in April

May Day in May

Christmas Day 25 December

Boxing Day 26 December

In the United States the following main holidays are celebrated:

New Year's Day 1 January

Washington's Birthday 20 February

Easter in April

Memorial Day in May

Independence Day 4 July

Labour Day in September

Veterans' Day in November

Thanksgiving Day in November

Christmas Day 25 December

All the main public or national holidays in the US and UK are bank holidays, which means banks are closed on those days. Besides there are some other bank holidays, when banks and many other businesses are closed. The bank holidays besides public or national holidays are:

Spring or Summer (Bank)

Holiday in Mayor June

Autumn (Bank) Holiday in August or September

It dates back to the nineteenth century when by the Bank Holiday Act and a Supplementary Act these days were consti­tuted as bank holidays in the UK.

Vocabulary

customer – клиен, покупатель

to employ – нанимать

employer - наниматель

employee - служащий

overtime- сверхурочное время

to work overtime – работать сверхурочно

to pay overtime- оплатить сверхурочное время

to break (broke, broken) - ломать, нарушать

to break the law – нарушать закон

criminal proceedings – уголовно судебное разбирательство

tо take criminal pro­ceedings- начинать уголовное судебное расследование

to abolish- отменять, упразднять

Еaster - Пасха

to celebrate - праздновать

independence- независимость

to be independent of – быть независимым от

thanksgiving- благодарение

Thanksgiving (Day) – День благодарения

to date back to... - восходить к (определенной эпохе)

century - век

act – акт, постановление

to act - действовать

supplement - дополнение

supplementary - дополнительный

supplementary act – дополнение к акту, постановлению, закону

Grammar Revision 1: Простые времена в пассивном залоге (Indefinite/Simple Tenses, Passive)

Present Indefinite/Simple, Passive
I am told to do this.	I am not told to do this.
You are told to do this.	You are not told to do this.	Are you told to do this?	— Yes, I am.
			— No, I am not.
Не/She is told to do this.	Не/She is not told to do this.	Is he/she told to do this?	— Yes, he/she is.
			- No, he/she is not.
We are told to do this.	We are not told to do this.
You are told to do this.	You are told to do this.	Are you told to do this?	— Yes, we are.
			— No, we are not.
They are told to do this.	They are not told to do this.	Are they told to do this?	— Yes, they are.
			— No, they are not.