Inversion

Inversion deals with the displacement of the predicate or with the displacement of secondary members of the sentence and their shift into the front, opening position in the sentence. Stylistic inversion aims at attaching logical stress or additional emotional coloring to the surface meaning of the utterance.

Interaction of Syntactical Structures

Sentences in a coherent narration are logically connected.

Parallelism (parallel construction) - repetition, involving the whole structure of the sentence. Parallel construction is most frequently used in enumeration, antithesis and in climax, thus consolidating the general effect achieved by these stylistic devices.

Chiasmus belongs to the group of stylistic devices based on the repetition of a syntactical pattern, but it has a cross order of words and phrases. The structure of two successive sentences or parts of a sentence may be described as reversed parallel construction, the word-order of one of the sentences being inverted as compared with that of the other.

Rhetorical question - statement in the form of a question, also presupposes the possible answer: the positive form of the rhetorical question predicts the negative answer, the negative form predicts a positive answer;

Apokoinu construction, characteristic of irregular oral speech, presents a blend of two clauses into one, which is achieved at the expense of the omission of the connecting word. "I am the first one saw her". The main stylistic function of apokoinu construction is to emphasize the irregular, careless or uneducated character of the speech of the personages;

Detached construction. Sometimes one of the secondary parts of a sentence by some specific consideration of the writer is placed so that it seems formally independent of the word it logically refers to. Such parts of structures are called detached. They seem to dangle in the sentence is isolated parts. The detached part, being torn away from its referent, assumes a greater degree of significance and is given prominence by intonation.

Suspense, holding the reader of the listener in tense anticipation, is often realized through the separation of predicate from subject or from predicative, by deliberate introduction between them of a phrase, clause or sentence.

Climax is an arrangement of sentences which secures a gradual increase in significance, importance, or emotional tension in the utterance.

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the difference between parallel construction and chiasmus?

2. What are the patterns of syntactical stylistic devices?

3. What is the name of a stylistic device based on contextual antonymy?

4. What is polysyndeton?

TEST. STYLISTIC SYNTAX

1. Elliptical sentences and nominal sentences

a) perform the same function b) perform different functions

2. Asyndeton is used

a) to accelerate the tempo of the speech

b) to characterize the emotional state of the speaker

c) to impart expressiveness to the speech

3. Aposiopesis is

a) a case when the speaker does not bring the utterance up to the end being overwhelmed by emotions

b) a deliberate abstention from bringing the utterance up to the end

c) a case when the speaker does not want to finish the sentence or cannot finish the sentence being overwhelmed by emotions

4. Anadiplosis is based

a) upon the absence of the indispensable elements in the sentence

b) upon the interaction of syntactical structures

c) upon the excessive use of syntactical elements

5. In case of inversion the emphasized elements occupy

a) the initial position

b) the final position instead of the initial position

c) either initial position or final position instead of the initial position

6. Parallelism is used

a) to make the recurring parts more conspicuous than their surroundings

b) to make the speech expressive

7. Anaphora is used

a) to express the speaker's attitude toward the object of speech

b) to imprint the elements repeated in the reader's mind

c) to create poetic atmosphere

8. The syntactical device used to reproduce used to reproduce two parallel lines of thought is termed

a) detachment b) parenthesis c) anadiplosis

9. The simplest variety of repetition is just

a) repeating a word, a group of words, or a whole sentence

b) repetition in which a word or a group of words concluding a sentence recur at the beginning of the next segment

10.Ellipsis is

a) the omission of conjunctions c) the excessive use of conjunctions

b) all sorts of omission in a sentence d) opposition or contrast