- •Table of Contents
- •Preface
- •Translation theory Chapter 1. Historical overview of translation
- •1.1. The notion of translation theory
- •1.2. Trends in the development of translation theory
- •1.3. Branches in translation studies
- •The map of translation
- •1.4. The object of investigation, aims and tasks of linguistic translation theory. Methods of analysis
- •Chapter 2. Contrastive linguistics and translation studies
- •2.1. Interconnection of contrastive linguistics and translation studies
- •2.2. Major points of difference between contrastive linguistics and translation studies
- •2.3. Levels of comparative translation studies
- •Chapter 3. Theoretical models of translation
- •3.1. Models based on componential analysis
- •3.2. Sense-text model of translation
- •3.3. Situational models of translation
- •3.4. Pragmatic models of translation
- •3.5. Cultural-semiotic and cognitive models of translation
- •Chapter 4. Basic notions and categories of linguistic translation theory
- •4.1. The notion of translation
- •4.2. Typology of translation
- •4.3. The problem of the unit of translation
- •Chapter 5. Equivalence and adequacy of translation
- •5.1. Equivalence and adequacy of translation: points of difference
- •5.2. The problem of translatability
- •5.3. Adequate translation and the role of context
- •Chapter 6. Transformations in Translation
- •6.1. Translation transformations: definition, causes, classification
- •6.2. Levels of translation transformations, operations and techniques of translation
- •6.3. Classification of translation transformations according to techniques of translation
- •Chapter 7. Translation theory and lexis
- •7.1. Main types of semantic correlation of English and Russian words
- •7.2. The notion of lexical correspondences. The theory of regular correspondences by Ya.I.Retsker
- •7.2.1. Equivalent correspondences: definition, classification, types of equivalents
- •7.2.2. Variant correspondences: definition and the difference between variant correspondences and partial equivalents
- •7.2.3. Contextual correspondences: definition and types of contextual correspondences
- •7.3. Analogues as a special type of lexical correspondences. Drawbacks of translation analogues
- •Chapter 8. Translation studies and lexis (cont.)
- •8.1. Lexical problems of translation at word level
- •8.2. Translation of words having no equivalents in tl
- •8.3. Problems of translating neologisms
- •Chapter 9. Translation studies and lexis (cont.)
- •9.1. Ways of rendering proper names
- •9.2. International and pseudo-international words in translation
- •9.3. Translation of terms
- •Chapter 10. Translation studies and lexis (cont.)
- •10.1. Lexical problems of translation at word-group level
- •10.2. Problems of translating phraseological units
- •10.3. Modality in translation
- •Chapter 11. Translation studies and grammar
- •11.1. Two levels of grammatical problems of translation
- •11.2. Grammatical divergences of English and Russian
- •11.3. Translation problems at textual level
- •Chapter 12. Translation studies and grammar (cont.)
- •12.1. Passive voice forms in translation
- •12.2. Problems of rendering word order in translation
- •12.3. Ways of rendering tense-aspect forms
- •Chapter 13. Translation studies and grammar (cont.)
- •13.1. Ways of rendering the English article(s) in Russian translation
- •13.2. Problems of translating English absolute nominative constructions into Russian
- •13.3. Rendering Russian verbal adverb phrases in English
- •Chapter 14. Translation studies and style
- •14.1. Rendering newspaper headlines
- •14.2. Grammatical peculiarities of translating newspaper articles
- •Who?- (did) what? (how?) where? when?-why?
- •14.3. Lexico-phraseological and stylistic peculiarities of translating newspaper articles
- •Part II. Workshop in translation Unit # 1. Basic notions of translation studies Points for discussion
- •1. Read and compare the following Russian and English texts: analyse the units of translation chosen on different levels
- •Unit # 2. Translation correspondences Points for discussion
- •1. Translate the following text into Russian. Find and write out units of translation which have been translated by different types of lexical correspondences.
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English using appropriate correspondences
- •Unit # 3. Transformations in translation Points for discussion
- •I. Compare the following slt and tlt, state the types of all transformations made in translation
- •II.Translate into Russian making the necessary changes
- •III. Translate into English making use of appropriate transformations
- •Unit # 4. Lexical problems of translation Points for discussion
- •I. Suggest, where possible, different ways of translating the following proper names into Russian
- •II. Translate the following sentences into English. Explain the ways of translating words and word-groups having no correspondences in tl.
- •III. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian, analyse the ways of translating neologisms.
- •IV. Translate different kinds of shortened names:
- •V. Translate the following groups of “cultural words” and phrases:
- •Unit # 5. Lexical problems of translation (cont.) Points for discussion
- •I. Think of the ways of translating into English nationally specific Russian phraseological units:
- •II. Offer variants of translating the following terms:
- •III. Translate the text from English into Russian; qualify the underlined terms as international words proper and pseudointernational words:
- •IV. Translate into Russian the English headlines paying attention to premodified noun phrases:
- •V. Discuss different ways of rendering in Russian the imagery component of the following English phraseological units:
- •VI. Think of the ways of translating nationally specific Russian phraseological unis:
- •Unit # 6. Grammatical problems of translation (cont.)
- •1. Compare the following slt and tlt, find cases of different grammatical divergences and analyse the ways of their rendering
- •II. Compare the Russian slTs and English tlTs. Discuss levels of eguivalence achieved in various cases:
- •III. State the type and genre of the following texts, translate them into Russian/English, discuss translation problems at textual level
- •Please have your boarding pass ready
- •In return we offer varied interesting work which includes dealing with
- •33 Cambridge Gardens Hastings East Sussex
- •Unit # 7. Grammatical problems of translation (cont.) Points for discussion
- •I. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to Absolute Nominative constructions
- •II. Translate the following sentences into English, identify the means of compensating for Russian verbal adverb phrases
- •III. Translate the sentences into Russian using various means available in tl to make up for the English articles
- •IV. Translate specific English structures into Russian
- •Unit # 8. Grammatical problems of translation (cont.) Points for discussion
- •1. Translate the following texts into Russian paying attention to Passive voice structures:
- •II. Translate the following sentences into English /Russian, explain the ways of rendering tense-aspect forms:
- •III. Translate the following into English/Russian, state the ways of dealing with modality:
- •Unit # 9. Problems of style in translation
- •I. Suggest ways of translating English headlines:
- •IV. Compare the variants and choose the better of the two:
- •V.Translate into Russian the following abbreviations, state the types of tl correspondences
- •Unit # 10. Stylistic devices and expressive means in translation Points for discussion
- •I. Identify expressive means and stylistic devices in slTs and render them in English/Russian
- •II. Render the text in English, discuss transformations made to compensate for its stylistic features
- •III. Translate into English rendering properly imagery components of Russian lexical units:
- •IV. Compare the ways of rendering connotational properties of the English zoonames in Russian. Which of them do you find the most appropriate? Give your reasons.
- •V. Translate into English retaining the emotional effect of the means of creating emphasis in slTs
- •Part III sample tests test # 1: Lexical problems of translation
- •I. Translate into English. Explain the ways of translating phraseological units:
- •III. Translate the text into Russian. Find 3 examples of international words and 3 examples of pseudointernational words. Illustrate the differences in the latter case.
- •Test # 2: Lexical problems of translation
- •III. Translate the text into Russian. Find 3 examples of international words and 3 examples of pseudointernational words. Illustrate the differences in the latter case:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences into English/Russain. State the ways of translating terms:
- •V. Translate into Russian using and stating the types of transformations:
- •VII. Translate the text into Russian, write out examples of different types of tl correspondences:
- •Test # 3: Grammatical problems of translation
- •I. Translate the following text into Russian, state the types of grammatical transformations used and explain their causes
- •II. Render the following sentences in English paying attention to compensatory means to make up for grammatical divergences:
- •III. Translate the sentences into Russian choosing means available in tl instead of the English article(s).
- •IV. Translate the text into Russian focusing on English attributive groups.
- •V. Render the sentences in Russian paying attention to English adverbial verbs
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian using various compensatory means for Passive voice structures
- •Test # 4: Final Revision Test
- •I. Translate the text into Russian, analyse ways of translating terms
- •II. Translate into Russian the newspaper article, state different types of transformations used in translation
- •III. Render the following sentences in English, discuss the ways of rendering cultural words
- •IV. Translate the text into Russian, analyse the ways of rendering grammatical lacoonae
- •Test # 5: Final Revision Test
- •I. Render the following Russian/English headlines in English/ Russian, discuss transformations made in translation
- •II. Translate “cultural” terms into Russian, analyse the ways of their compensation
- •III. Translate into English paying attention to new Russsian coinages
- •IV. Translate the text into Russian, write out examples of different kinds of lexical correspondences
- •VI. Translate the follwing sentences into English/Russian, state the ways of translating terms
- •VII. Translate into English. Explain the ways of translating phraseological units
- •Appendix I
- •I. Study the scheme of translation analysis of a tlt, discuss the main requirements set for evaluating the quality of a translation text: scheme of translation analysis of a tlt
- •II. Compare the following English/Russian texts and their translations, make the translation analysis of the tlTs applying the scheme given above
- •1. Balance sheet layout
- •III. Translate the following texts from Russian /English into English/Russian. Make the translation analysis of the tlTs according to the points of the scheme relevant for the texts.
- •Compare the following definitions of translation offered by Russian and foreign scholars. Choose the one(s) that you like best giving your reasons
- •Requisites for Professional Translators
- •Competence in translation: a complex skill, how to study and how to teach it
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Lexicographic sources
- •List of fiction
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«БАШКИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
З.З.Чанышева
TRANSLATOLOGY AND PRACTICE OF
TRANSLATION
ПЕРЕВОДОВЕДЕНИЕ И ПРАКТИКА
ПЕРЕВОДА
Учебное пособие
Уфа – 2010
УДК 808.2(038)
ББК 81.2
Ч 18
Рецензенты:
д-р филол. наук, профессор Т.М. Рогожникова (УГАТУ, г. Уфа);
кафедра английского языка Башкирского государственного педагогического университета им. М. Акмуллы (г. Уфа)
Чанышева Зульфира Закиевна
Ч 18 Переводоведение и практика перевода: Учебное пособие. 3-е изд., испр. и доп.– Уфа: РИЦ БашГУ, 2010. – 257 с.
ISBN 5-7477-1361-2
В пособии рассматриваются основные проблемы современной лингвистической теории перевода, необходимые для подготовки переводчика на филологических и лингвистических факультетах высших учебных заведений. В тренировочных упражнениях развиваются навыки перевода текстов с русского / английского языка на английский / русский язык с учетом эквивалентности и адекватности, лексических и грамматических соответствий, прагматики перевода и других сторон переводческого процесса.
Пособие соответствует требованиям Государственного образовательного стандарта нового поколения и рассчитано на студентов, овладевающих специальностью «Филолог, переводчик», а также специалистов по межкультурному общению.
|
УДК 802 |
|
ББК 81.2 |
ISBN 5-7477-1361-2 |
© Чанышева З.З., 2010 |
|
© БашГУ, 2010 |
Table of Contents
Preface |
6 |
PART I. Theoretical foundations of linguistic translation theory |
8 |
Chapter 1. Historical overview of translation |
8 |
1.1. The notion of translation theory |
8 |
1.2. Trends in the development of translation theories |
10 |
1.3. Branches in translation studies |
20 |
1.4. The object of investigation, aims and tasks of linguistic translation theory. Methods of analysis. |
26 |
Chapter 2. Contrastive linguistics and translation studies |
31 |
2.1.Interconnection of contrastive linguistics and translation studies |
31 |
2.2.Major points of difference between contrastive linguistics and translation studies |
32 |
2.3.Levels of comparative translation studies |
34 |
Chapter 3. Theoretical models of translation |
36 |
|
36 |
|
38 |
|
40 |
|
41 |
|
43 |
Chapter 4. Basic notions and categories of linguistic translation theory |
46 |
|
46 |
|
54 |
|
60 |
Chapter 5. Equivalence and adequacy of translation |
68 |
5.1.Equivalence and adequacy of translation: points of difference |
68 |
5.2.The notion of translatability.Linguistic and cultural untranslatability |
73 |
5.3.Adequate translation and the role of context |
80 |
Chapter 6. Transformations in translation |
87 |
6.1.Translation transformations: definition, causes, classification |
87 |
|
89 |
6.3.Classification of translation transformations according to techniques of translation: |
95 |
6.3.1. re-structuring |
95 |
6.3.2. substitutions |
96 |
6.3.3. additions |
100 |
6.3.4. omissions |
101 |
6.3.5. integral modifications |
101 |
Chapter 7. Translation studies and lexis |
102 |
7.1. Main types of semantic correlation of English and Russian words |
102 |
7.2. The notion of lexical correspondences. The theory of regular correspondences by Ya.I. Retsker |
106 |
7.2.1.Equivalent correspondences: definition, classification, types |
107 |
7.2.2. Variant correspondences |
109 |
7.2.3. Contextual correspondences |
110 |
7.3.Analogues as a special type of lexical correspondences. Drawbacks of translation analogues. |
110 |
Chapter 8. Translation studies and lexis (cont.) |
113 |
8.1. Lexical problems of translation at word level |
113 |
|
116 |
8.3.Problems of translating neologisms |
119 |
Chapter 9. Translation studies and lexis (cont.) |
122 |
9.1. Ways of rendering proper names |
122 |
9.2. International and pseudointernational words in translation |
126 |
9.3. Translation of terms |
129 |
Chapter 10. Translation studies and lexis (cont.) |
133 |
10.1. Lexical problems of translation at word-group level |
133 |
10.2. Problems of translating phraseological units |
138 |
10.3. Modality in translation |
143 |
Chapter 11. Translation studies and grammar |
147 |
11.1. Two levels of grammatical problems of translation |
147 |
11.2. Grammatical divergences of English and Russian at pre-textual level |
149 |
11.3. Translation problems at textual level |
151 |
Chapter 12. Translation studies and grammar (cont.) |
155 |
12.1. Passive voice forms in translation |
155 |
12.2. Problems of rendering word order in translation |
159 |
12.3. Ways of rendering tense-aspect forms in translation |
163 |
Chapter 13. Translation studies and grammar (cont.) |
172 |
13.1. Ways of rendering the English article(s) in Russian translation |
172 |
13.2. Problems of translating English absolute nominative constructions into Russian |
174 |
13.3. Rendering Russian verbal adverb phrases in English |
176 |
Chapter 14. Translation studies and style |
179 |
14.1.Rendering newspaper headlines |
179 |
14.2.Grammatical problems of translating newspaper materials |
186 |
|
188 |
PART II. Workshop in translation |
196 |
PART III. Sample tests |
218 |
Appendiсes |
229 |
Conclusion |
245 |
References |
246 |
Lexicographic sources |
254 |
A list of fiction used |
257 |