Ex.4. Replace the Russian modal verbs with the English equivalents. Замените русские модальные глаголы их английские эквиваленты.
Personal hygiene (должна) be part of your regular daily routine.
Personal hygiene (может) be part of your regular daily routine.
Personal hygiene (следует) be part of your regular daily routine.
You (приходится) to keep the body clean and healthy.
You (в состоянии) to keep the body clean and healthy.
You (необходимо) to keep the body clean and healthy.
You (не нужно) to keep the body clean and healthy.
Ex.5. True or false. Подтвердите истинность утверждений: T- правда, F- ложь.
Good personal hygiene limits person-to-person contamination. ____
All viruses, bacteria and fungi are aggressive and invasive to humans. ______
Personal hygiene cannot preserve the microbiological flora in, on and around us. _____
Good personal hygiene should be part of your regular daily routine. ____
Bacteria are multi-cellular microorganisms. _____
Good personal hygiene will reduce your risk of disease but won’t help prevent you from infecting others. _____
Bad personal hygiene will increase your risk of disease. ______
Mucous are membranes which cover the cavities of an organism which are permanently dry. ____
Skin harbors a rich and varied microbial ecosystem that plays an essential balancing role in the body. _______
Parasites live in or on a host to obtain nourishment with providing any benefit to the host. ___
Text 2. Skin Hygiene
Skin covers our entire body. It is a thin but tough wrapping. Thickness (from 1 to 4 mm) varies in different areas. It is thicker on the palms of our hands and the soles of our feet, but thin on our eyelids and lips. Skin is also a barrier against germs, knocks, damp, cold and heat. It is alive, and continuously renews itself.
Skin consists of two different layers:
Epidermis: Outer layer of skin, made up of dead skin cells.
Dermis: Inner layer of skin, where new cells grow.
Skin also contains two kinds of glands:
Sebaceous glands, which secrete oil to keep the skin supple.
Sweat glands, which take perspiration to the surface through the pores.
Hand Hygiene
Germs are everywhere. There are millions on our body, but our hands and nails are the main targets of contamination by germs, due to their obvious exposure. As you touch people, surfaces and objects throughout the day, you accumulate germs on your hands. In turn, you can infect yourself with these germs by touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Washing your hands frequently can help limit the transfer of bacteria, viruses and other microbes.
Always wash your hands before and after:
- cooking or eating
- touching a person at risk from infection.
Always wash your hands after:
- using the toilet
- contact with an animal
- blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing into your hands.
Hand washing should become second nature.
How to wash your hands
It's generally best to wash your hands with soap and water. Follow these simple steps:
Wet your hands with running water.
Apply liquid, bar or powder soap.
Lather well to remove any germs.
Rub your hands vigorously for at least 20 seconds. Remember to scrub all surfaces, including the backs of your hands, wrists, between your fingers and under your fingernails.
Rinse your hands well.
Dry your hands with a clean or disposable towel or air dryer.
Nails have more chance of staying clean if they are kept fairly short.
Body Hygiene
A dirty body, as well as hands, is a hotbed for developing germs. Dust, sweat and other secretions, and warmth are factors which encourage germs to multiply. A shower or a bath with effective cleansing products should therefore follow any physical activity. Everyday secretions occur even without physical effort, and are enough to encourage germs. A daily shower is therefore a must for everyone. Clean clothes should be worn and underwear changed daily, yet this is still not obvious to everyone. Consider that a fabric contains 10? germs per cm2 after having been carried for one day.
http://www.hygiene-educ.com/en/learn/topics.htm, adopted by Nadezhda Asanova
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene, adopted by Nadezhda Asanova