Vocabulary

anxiety state - тревожное состояние benefit – польза blood pressure – кровяное давление blood sugar – уровень сахара в крови body – тело brain – мозг cancer – рак capacity – способность carbohydrate – углеводы cardiovascular – сердечно-сосудистый chronic fatigue – chronic fatigue syndrome – синдром хронической усталости diabetes – диабет disease – заболевание exercise – упражнение exertion – напряжение, напряженное усилие frequency – частота heal – исцелять health – здоровье hypertension – гипертония

intensity – интенсивность interaction – взаимодействие liver – печень martial arts – боевые искусства mental – умственный movement – движение multidimensional – многомерный muscle – мышца obesity – ожирение osteoporosis – остеопороз physiological – физиологический reduce – снижать respiratory – относящийся к дыхательным путям skill – умение store – накапливать, хранить stretching – растяжка supply – снабжать tissue – ткань workout – тренировка influence – влияние

Exercises

Ex.1.Match the following words with their definitions / Соотнесите слова с их определениями.

Martial Training Muscle Aerobic Metabolism Heal Brain Mental Disease Decline Health Cardiovascular

The state without illness or disease A decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something Relating to the heart and blood One of the pieces of flesh inside your body that you use in order to move, and that connect your bones together The chemical processes by which food is changed into energy in your body Connected with war and fighting To make someone who is ill become healthy again, especially by using natural powers or prayer The organ inside your head that controls how you think, feel, and move Relating to the health or state of someone’s mind A type of exercise intended to strengthen the heart and lungs An illness which affects a person, animal, or plant The process of teaching or being taught the skills for a particular job or activity

Ex.2. Fill in the crossword / Разгадайте кроссворд.

		1						2
																						3
			4				5
6														7
													8
													9
								10 p			h		y		s		i			q				u				e

1. An advantage, improvement, or help that you get from something.

2. Physical activities that you do in order to stay healthy and become stronger.

3. A period of physical exercise, especially as training for a sport.

4. The physical power and energy that makes someone strong.

5. How heavy something is when you measure it.

6. → An action of straightening your arms, legs, or body to full length.

↓ An ability to do something well, especially because you’ve learned and practiced it.

7. The quality of being felt very strongly or having a strong effect.

8. A lot of physical or mental effort.

9. The sport of moving down hills, across land in the snow, or on water wearing skis.

10. The size and appearance of someone’s body.

Ex.3. Fill in the gaps / Заполните пропуски.

After about three weeks of true martial arts training, a wide range of (1)………….. changes take place. Practitioners will exhibit improvements in (2)…………… sugar, blood pressures, blood lipids, brain neurotransmitter (3)…………….., blood supply to muscles, and capacity of somatic muscles and the liver to store (4)……………. in the form of glycogen, calcium metabolism and other basic parameters. The changes are not mutually exclusive; interactions among systems and their functions are the rule.

These changes translate into better (5)……………..of the body and (6)……………, and overall risk reduction for such (7)…………….. as hypertension, type 2 (8)……………., coronary heart disease, chronic (9)………….. disease, osteoporosis, obesity, anxiety states, mild to moderate mental (10)……………, and breast and colon (11)…………… .

Missing words: functioning, blood, cancers, balance, carbohydrate, diseases, physiological, respiratory, brain, depression, diabetes

Ex. 4. Make the written translation of the following / Сделайте письменный перевод.

Martial arts training affects the great majority of the body’s tissues, organs and systems to bring about homeostatic stability and normal function. Training at optimal levels of frequency, distance (time) and intensity can markedly reduce the risk of developing many of the chronic diseases commonly seen. As such, the public health implications of establishing widespread martial arts programs are important for society as a whole.

Ex.5. Answer the questions / Ответьте на вопросы

1. What types of martial arts training do you know?

2. Does martial arts training stimulate positive changes in the body’s natural healing systems?

3. What forms does martial arts training combine?

4. What physiological changes take place after some weeks of true martial arts training?

5. What diseases can martial arts training prevent?

Ex.6. Put the verb in brackets into the right form (infinitive with or without “to” and gerund) / Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму (герундия или инфинитива с частицей “to” или без нее).

1. Martial arts training is the best way (prevent) disease. - Martial arts training is the best way to prevent disease.

2. Two more categories can also (be added): martial art exercises of skill and exercises for fun.

3. Other than martial arts, the qualifiers include (run), cross country skiing, snow shoeing.

4. The long-term benefits of such training can (be seen) in such notable martial artists as Jhoon Rhee and Seok Kyu Lee.

5. The clinical signs and symptoms are easier (record) than the actual neurotransmitter levels.

6. This training keeps me (go) strong with a smile on my face.

7. These physiological changes are a function of (rebalance) of the sympathetic and parasympathetic halves of the autonomic nervous system.

8. Ordinary, nicotine addiction is difficult (break).

9. Rigorous martial arts training can greatly (elevate) dopamine levels.

10. Even in coronary heart disease Cardio Kick box class, in combination with a low-fat diet, results in (open) of the blocked vessel.

11. Former asthma sufferer Master Mi Yi says that her poor health and breathing problems as a child is what convinced her parents (let) her attend martial arts classes.

12. Long-term stress may (result) in chronic, high levels of cortisone.

13. Optimal levels of Cardio Karate training have consistently resulted in (lower) of fat-to-lean ratios.

14. The Cardio Karate Program has been instrumental in (popularize) this type of training.

15. Individuals who are relatively lean before (start) an exercise program often report losing inches without change in weight.

16. An indirect path to these benefits is the increased ability (tolerate) stressors.

Ex.7. Make the negative forms for the verbs in the infinitive or gerund in the previous exercise / Образуйте отрицательную форму глаголов из предыдущего задания.

Example: Martial arts training is the best way to prevent disease. - Martial arts training is the best way not to prevent disease.

Ex.8. Make complex sentences with attributive subordinate clauses / Преобразуйте следующие предложения в сложноподчиненные предложения с определительными придаточными.

1. the chronic diseases commonly seen.

Ex.9. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate conjunctions / Заполните пропуски подходящими союзами (по возможности, избегайте использования союза “that”).

1. An additional factor may be technique, which determines the muscle groups and total muscle mass used in the exercise.

2. The concentration of various neurotransmitters ………. are responsible for facilitation of nerve impulse transmission in the central nervous system is changed.

3. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate, ………. are mediated by the central nervous system, occur soon afterward.

4. A number of cognitive improvements have been documented in older adults ……… train rigorously.

5. At the base of the brain is the small pineal gland, ….….. releases melatonin.

6. The next stop in the body is the neck, ……….. the thyroid and parathyroid glands are located.

7. Just across from the liver in the pancreas, ……….. functions as a digestive organ supplying enzymes to the small intestine, and as an endocrine organ with its specialized islet cells, ………… produce the hormones insulin and glucagon.

8. Conditioning exercises improve the tone of three muscle groups: the pelvic-support muscles, the lower-back muscles and the gluteal muscles ………. split the neck of the femur.

9. In post-menopausal woman, such exercise will inhibit the bone density decline …….. commonly occurs with passing years.

10. Individuals ……… are relatively lean before starting an exercise program often report losing inches without change in weight.