34. Paradigmatic structure of a sentence

The paradigmatic approach to a sentence of rendering communicative information marked a new stage in the development of the science of language. It's nothing else than paradigmatic approach that has provided a comprehensive theoretical ground for treating the s-ce not only as a ready unit of speech, but also as a meaningful lingual unit existing in a pattern form. Paradigmatics finds it essential expression in a system of appositions making the corresponding meaningful categories. Syntactic appositions are realized by correlative sen. patterns, relations between which can be described as "transformations" (from one pattern of certain nominal p-ts to another pattern of the same nominal p-ts). Some of the patterns are to be approached as base patterns, while others - as their transformations. E.g. a question can be described as transformationally produced from a statement (You are fond of music. - Are you fond of music?) A negation can be presented transformationally produced from an affirmation (You are fond of music. - You are not fond of music). We transform interrogative & negative sen-ces from affirmative only because the ordinary affirmative statement present a positive expression of a fact in its purest form maximally free of the speaker's connotative appraisals. Modern theory has interpreted these transitional relations as regular derivation stages comparable to categorical form making processes in morphology & w.-building.

35.Composite sentences

The composite sen-ce (com.s.) is formed by 2 or more predicative lines. It expresses a complicated act of thought, the com. S. Reflects 2 or more elementary situational events viewed as making up a unity. The constitutive connections of events are expressed by the constitutive connections of predicative lines of the sen-ce. Each predicative line in a com.s. makes up a clause in it, which corresponds to a separate s. As part of a contextual sequence. The usage of com.s. is a characteristic of written speech more than colloquial.

Com.s-s display 2 principal types construction: subordination & coordination. By coordination the clauses are arranged as units of syntactically equal rank, by subordination, as units of unequal rank, one being categorally dominated by the other. It means that by subordination one of the clauses (subordinate) is placed in a notional position of the other (principal). The means of combining clauses are syndectic & asyndectic. Com.s-s are to be classed into compound & complex sen-s, syndectic(=conjunctional) & asyndectic(non- conjunctional)types of clause connection.At the higher level of class-tion all the composite sentence divided into syndetic &asyndetic,at lower level the syndetic comp.sent.divided into compound &complex

Comp.S. as polypredicative constructions exist in the 2 type varieties as regards the degree of their predicative explicitness:1C.S.of complete composition 2.C.S.of concise composition.All types are different by its own functional specification, occupies a permanent place in the syntactic system.