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Fiftieth Anniversary of the Bretton Woods Conference

The fiftieth anniversary of the Bretton Woods Conference that led to the foundation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) (to mark) by a considerable increase in all areas of the IMF's operations. The anniversary (to stimulate) an assessment of changes in the international monetary system and reflections on the ways in which the IMF should respond to them.

In this connection 1995, the anniversary year, (to be) the year of intense activity for the IMF. First of all, the IMF adequately (to respond) to the financial crisis in Mexico. The year also (to see) a further evolution in the IMF's role of assisting countries in the transition from command to market economies. The IMF (to approve) substantial financial arrangements for Russia and Ukraine, extended its financial support to a large number of developing countries, increased access to its resources for all members, and carried out surveillance over members' economic policies.

In 1995 the call on the IMF to provide financial support (to lead) to exceptionally heavy demands on the IMF resources. Total drawings from the IMF's General Resources Account during 1994/95 (to amount) to SDR 10.6 billion. Of this total, SDR 7.6 billion was provided under stand-by arrangements; SDR 1.6 billion – under extended arrangements; SDR 0.3 billion-under the compensatory and contingency financing facility (CCFF); and SDR 1.1 billion - under the systemic transformation facility (STF). In addition, SDR 0.6 billion in concessional assistance (to disburse) under the structural adjustment facility (SAP) and enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF). Among the IMF's most important responsibilities (to be) its mandate to oversee the effective functioning of the international monetary system and to exercise firm surveillance over members' economic policies.

The IMF (to fulfill) these oversight and surveillance roles in a variety of ways. The IMF has regular annual consultations with member countries. The IMF (to assess) a member's macroeconomic and structural policies and (to encourage) all members to adopt policies that are in their long-term interests and contribute to their expansion and balanced growth of the world economy.

During the anniversary year this work (to give) an added impetus by the "Madrid Declaration" adopted by the IMF in 1994.

Access to technical assistance and training (to become) an increasingly valuable benefit of the IMF membership. The global revolution in favour of market-oriented economies and the widening implementation of structural adjustment policies (to increase) member countries' requests for IMF assistance.

It should be mentioned, however, that in spite of the activities serious policy challenges (to remain), like how to sustain economic growth, to reduce unemployment, to prevent a resurgence of inflation in the industrial countries, to maintain and extend growth through strong programs of adjustment and structural reform in developing countries, to integrate the economies in transition into the world economy and to set them firmly on the path of sustainable growth.

Words you may need:

Англійський варіант

Російський варіант

Український варіант

anniversary

годовщина

річниця

reflection

размышление

міркування

further evolution

эволюция, дальнейшее

развитие

еволюція

surveillance

надзор

надзір

General Resources Account

счет общих ресурсов

рахунок загальних

ресурсів

SDR (Special Drawing

Rights)

специальные права

заимствования

спеціальні права займу

stand-by arrangement

соглашение о резервных

кредитах

угода про резервні кредити

compensatory and contingency financing facility

система компенсационного финансирования

система компенсаційного фінансування

concessional assistance

помощь, на льготных

условиях

допомога на пільгових умовах

disburse

оплачивать, платить

сплачувати

mandate

мандат

мандат

oversee

наблюдать

спостерігати

oversight

присмотр, надзор

нагляд

impetus

стимул, толчок

стимул, поштовх

in spite of

несмотря на

не дивлячись на

resurgence

возрождение, восстановление

відродження

sustainable growth

устойчивый рост

стабільний ріст

Ex. 9.

a) Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.