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French Government Securities

France (to begin) to modernize the management of its public debt in 1985, and this effort now (to bear) fruit. The market in French government securities is today one of the most liquid in the world, second only to the market in US Treasury debt.

By virtue of its position in the French financial markets, the French Treasury (to initiate) a series of reforms over the past several years designed to open up those markets and make them more attractive, thus increasing the competitiveness of Paris as a financial centre.

Today, French government debt issuance policy (to combine) three distinctive features, namely simplicity, liquidity, and transparency.

Simplicity. The structure of French government debt (to undergo) a profound transformation since 1980, and today the French Treasury mainly (to issue) three categories of standardized securities:

Fungible Treasury bonds with maturities of up to thirty years, which are the instruments that the government uses to raise long-term funds.

Fixed-rate Treasury notes paying annual interest with maturities of between two and five years.

Finally, fixed-rate short-term discount Treasury bills which (to have) a maximum maturity of one year.

Liquidity. Since 1986, the government (to give) priority to fungible issues, so that subsequent bond issues can be added to existing lines of stock having the same financial and fiscal characteristics.

Transparency. A number of organized procedures open to all investors (to keep) the market of French government debt transparent With the exception of few specific operations arranged through traditional bank syndicates, the French Treasury (to place) its issues through competitive bidding.

Besides, the Treasury (to publish) a calendar of forthcoming auctions for future issues. Published at the start of the year, this provides investors with full and accurate information on the government's medium- and long-term borrowing program for the year.

Preparing for Economic and Monetary Union, the Treasury regularly (to issue) negotiable securities denominated in the Euro, and today the French government is one of the leading sovereign borrowers on the Euro market.

Another fast-growing market (to be) the market in stripped bonds. authorized in May 1991. These two are helping to increase the liquidity of the secondary market.

Words you may need:

Англійський варіант

Російський варіант

Український варіант

public debt

государственный долг

державний борг

to bear fruit

приносить плоды

приносити плоди

by virtue of

благодаря, в силу чего-л.

завдяки, у силу чогось

fungible bonds

Взаимозаменяемые облигации

взаємозамінні облігації

treasury notes

казначейские облигации

казначейські облігації

discount treasury bills

дисконтные казначейские векселя

дисконтні казначейські векселя

competitive bidding

конкурентные торги

конкурентні торги

stripped bonds

«o6oдранные» o6лигации

„ободранні” облігації

Ex. 9.

a) Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.

b) Sum up the text in 5-7 sentences and present them in class.

c) Describe the problems the authorities are trying to solve in China.

attention

discovered

take

ago

bonds

transaction

kind

dealing

market

traded

graduates

line

pass

bond-trading

foreigners

free

traded