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C: Percy Bysshe Shelly

After F.W. Shilstone 1

Shelly was one of the great English lyric poets who experimented with many literary styles and had a lasting influence on many later writers.

Shelly was born on August 4, 1792, in Sussex into a wealthy and politically prominent family. He had a stormy career at Eton College and Oxford University, from which he was expelled in 1911 for writing a pamphlet.

In 1811, Shelly eloped with 16-year-old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a former London coffee house owner. He abandoned her in 1814 and ran away with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of a political philosopher whose liberal ideas greatly influenced Shelley. Though they said they did not believe in marriage, Shelly and Mary Godwin were married in 1816, after Harriet drowned herself. They had three children, two of whom died in infancy.

Shelly believed the Irish were being oppressed by their English rulers and tried to rouse the Irish to rebel against English in his pamphlets and poems. In 1816, Shelley and his wife became close friends with Lord Byron. Their friendship led to an ongoing exchange of ideas.

After March 1818, Shelly went into exile in Italy. There he wrote a series of important works, including The Cenci, Prometheus Unbound, The Witch of Atlas, Epipsychidion, Hellas.

On July 8, 1822, Shelly drowned while sailing near Livorno, Italy.

Shelley’s poems are emotionally direct, but difficult to understand intellectually. Much of his poetry is openly autobiographical. He wrote about the role of imagination as a spiritual guide, his decision to devote his life to the pursuit of ideas, his hopes for humanity’s redemption, conflicts between infinite desire and the inability to realize it. He asserts that poets sow the seeds of future reforms but do not themselves live to witness their realization.

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Exercises

Phonetic Exercises

1.Read the following rhyme concentrating your attention on phonetics.

Solomon Grundy

Born on Monday,

Christened on Tuesday,

Married on Wednesday,

Ill on Thursday,

Worse on Friday,

Died on Saturday,

Burried on Sunday,

That was the end

of Solomon Grundy.

Vocabulary and Grammar Exercises

1.Derive nouns denoting profession.

accounting

anthropology

archeology

astrology

astronomy

astronautics biology

botany

breeding

building

chemistry

councelling

dance

design

economics

edit

engine

engrave

environment

epidemiology

expedition

explore

farm

finance

fitting

garden

geography

geology

geophysics

history

immunology

interpretation

electricity

journalism

map

market

mathematics

music

paint

physics

politics

psychiatry

psychology

publish

research

ride

shoot

sing

sociology

telegraph

tell

therapy

training

translation

tune

typewrite

value

violin

wait

ward

wash

watch

weave

weld