2. Make questions with have to.

I had to go to hospital last week. I have to get up early tomorrow. Ann has to go somewhere now. George had to pay a parking fine yesterday. I had to wait a long time for the bus. I have to phone my sister now. Paul has to leave soon.

Why did you have to go to .hospital?.. Why ……………………………early? Where she ………………………… How much ………………………… How long ………………………… Why ………………………… What time…………………………………………………………..

3. Complete these sentences using don't / doesn't / didn't have to + one of these verbs:

do get up go go pay shave wait work

1. I'm not working tomorrow, so I ...don't have to get up... early.

2. The car park is free - you …………………. to park your car there.

3. I went to the bank this morning. There was no queue, so I ……………

4. Sally is extremely rich. She ……………………………………..

5. We've got plenty of time. We ……………………………………yet.

6. Jack has got a beard, so he ……………………………………….

7 I'm not particularly busy. I've got a few things to do but I …them now. 8 A man was slightly injured in the accident but he …..to hospital.

4. Complete these sentences with mustn't or don't/doesn't have to.

1. I don't want anyone to know. You ...mustn't.. tell anyone.

2. He ...doesn't have to... wear a suit to work but he usually does.

3. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I…………….go to work.

4. Whatever you do, you ………………touch that switch. It's very dangerous.

5. There's a lift in the building, so we ………….climb the stairs.

6. You ……………….forget what I told you. It's very important.

7. Sue …………..get up early. She gets up early because she wants to.

8. Don't make so much noise. We…………………………………………………… wake the baby.

9. I …………….eat too much. I'm supposed to be on a diet.

10 You …………….be a good player to enjoy a game of tennis.

Must and have to

1. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

have to must or have to had to must or have to have to had to has to have to had to has had to

2. 2 do you have to get up / have you got to get up 3 does (she) have to go? / has (she) got to go? did he have to pay? did you have to wait? do you have to phone her now? / have you got to phone her now? does he have to leave? / has he got to leave?

3. 2 don't have to pay 3 didn't have to wait 4 doesn't have to work don't have to go doesn't have to shave don't have to do didn't have to go

don't have to mustn't don't have to mustn't doesn't have to mustn't mustn't 10 don't have to

Exercise. Match the following English sentences with their Russian equivalents.

1. I must sell my computer. I don’t like it.	1. Стоит ли продавать этот компьютер? Он мне нравится.
2. I’ll have to sell my computer.	2. Не нужно продавать этот компьютер. Подари его Биллу.
3. I had to sell my computer.	3. Он, должно быть, продал свой компьютер.
4. You must sell this computer and buy a better make.	4. Ты должен продать этот компьютер и купить новую модель.
5. You mustn’t sell this computer.	5. Я должен продать свой компьютер. Он мне не нравится.
6. Must I sell this computer? I like it.	6. Он, наверно, продаст свой старый компьютер.
7. Did you have to sell your computer?	7. Тебе нельзя продавать этот компьютер.
8. You don’t have to sell this computer. Give it to Bill as a present.	8. Ему, должно быть, не удалось продать свой компьютер.
9. He will probably sell his computer.	9. Вы, должно быть, продаете этот компьютер.
10. He is likely to sell his old computer.	10. Мне придется продать этот компьютер.
11. He is unlikely to sell his old computer.	11. Он вряд ли продаст свой компьютер.
12. He must have failed to sell his computer.	12. Вам пришлось продать компьютер?
13. You must be selling this computer.	13. Мне пришлось продать мой компьютер.
14. He must have sold his computer.	14. Он, вероятно, продаст свой компьютер.

TO BE TO

Meaning	Forms of the modal verb	Ways of rendering in Russian	Forms of the Infinitive	Kinds of sentences	Ways of expressing the same meaning	Sentence patterns
1. Obligation arising out of a plan, an arrangement	am (is, are) to; was (were) to;	должен, должны,	The Indefinite Infinitive The Perfect Infinitive (an unfulfilled plan)	+ ?	to plan; to make a plan; to arrange; to agree; to decide	I was to meet Mother at the dentist’s at 5. When am I to come? A knife is to cut. (предназначен) We were to have met on Friday, but he fell ill.
2. a) An order, an instruction b) Necessity as a result of orders or instructions	am (is, are) to; was (were) to;	должен, должны	The Indefinite Infinitive	+		a) You are to stay here until I return. You are to learn the rules by heart. b) The Principal says I am to arrange the meeting.
3. (Im)possibility	am (is, are) to; was (were) to;	можно; не стоит	The Indefinite Infinitive Passive	+ _ ?		They are not to be trusted. Where is the man to be found?
4. Something thought of as unavoidable; to talk about smth which is destined to happen	am (is, are) to; was (were) to;	суждено, предстоит; хотеть (after if)	The Indefinite Infinitive	+ _		As a young man he didn’t know that he was to become a famous writer. He was never to see her again. If we are to live nearby we should be on good terms. What is to happen to us?
5. Strict prohibition	am (is, are) not to; was (were) not to;	нельзя, не смей	The Indefinite Infinitive	_		You are not to do that. You are not to tell anybody about it. They said we were not to be late.

Note: remember the following set phrases:

1. Where am I to go? – Куда мне деваться? 2. What am I to do? – Что мне делать?

3. What is to become of me? – Что со мной будет? 4. When am I to be there? – Во сколько мне приходить?

5. Who is to begin? – Кому начинать? 6. Who is to blame? – Кто виноват?

7. What is to be done? – Что делать? 8. He was nowhere to be found. – Его нигде нельзя было найти.

9. He is to be pitied. – Его надо пожалеть. 10. You are to be congratulated. – Вас надо поздравить.

11. It is to be hoped. – Надо надеяться.

Exercise. Translate the following sentences.

1. We are to go to the theatre tonight. 2. I am to wait for them at the entrance. 3. The next day we were to dine with them at seven. 4. It was announced over the radio that the President was to speak that night. 5. After dinner they are to go to the movies. 6. You are to be here at five. 7. You are to do this exercise in writing. 8. You are to meet the delegation on the platform. 9. Why are you late? You were to have come at 10 a.m. 10. He was to have taken the 8 o’clock train but he missed it. 11. You are to sell this computer and then I’ll buy you a new make. 12. I was to have sold this computer because Father promised to buy me a new make.

Exercise. State whether the verb to be is a modal verb, a notional verb, a link verb or an auxiliary verb.

1. His plan was to drive straight up to the airport. 2. She said that mother was awake and was delighted to hear that Martha had come to see her. 3. Bob was waiting for him at the door, and on his face was a happy look. 4. – When are you to be married? – It is a secret. 5. My advice is to stay away from the law. 6. No one else is to be admitted, under any circumstances. 7. Mrs. Bramwell prided herself upon being a hostess, and her idea of “making things go” was to talk and laugh a great deal. 8. The entire sum of money is to be converted to banknotes of small denomination. 9. I was silent. My sympathy was too acute to be put into words. 10. How many times am I to go over all this? 11. – Is she interested in her husbands work? 12. She went off with him to the lab as usual directly after breakfast, and it was clear that they were to have an arduous and busy day there. 13. He was startled and amazed. At last the tears ran down from his eyes. And the worst of it was that, though you hated Strickland, and the exhibition was horrible, it was impossible not to love. 14. We were to have met at the station at five but he failed to come.