Text a permanent population

Task: Insert the missing words from the list below:

Without a physical …a land territory, a state …exist. An uninhabited island cannot qualify …a state. The concept of government is …without population to represent. A state must represent a population linked …a defined piece of territory on a …permanent basis. "Permanent population" does not mean …a territory must have a fixed number of inhabitants nor must these inhabitants settle in a …location. Migration of peoples across territorial borders is not incompatible …the notion of "permanent population." In their ethnic composition, states may be …homogeneous or heterogeneous. Political and ethnic boundaries …necessary coincide and in most cases, do not. There are far more examples throughout the world of heterogeneous states than homogeneous. Very few states in the world have a single cultural… . The notion of state and nation are …being congruent (['kɔŋgruənt])- совпадающий), if we take into account that there are about eight thousands identifiably …cultures and languages in the world (dialects not included) and less than two hundreds states. Additionally, the concept of "homogeneous state" is a dangerous and destructive …which has no ground in international law. Promoting the establishment of new state entities based on a single …composition is the …of cultural diversity, human rights, protection of minorities, and leads only to violence and….

List of words: notion, that, base, far from, cannot, do not, separate, precise, as, identity, repression, more or less, negation, ethnic, meaningless, with, to, either.

3.A government Text

Task: Answer the questions given below:

A state is defined by a permanent human community established in a certain area, and ruled by a legal order. In order to perform functions as a member of the international community a state must have a practical identity. In the scope of international law, the government of each state is the legal entity and as such, is entitled to international rights and duties. To meet the requirements of statehood, governments must be effective. Executive authorities must exercise an effective control over the population settled on a defined territory. If civil war, foreign invasion, or natural disasters prevent an established state from acting properly, the state does not lose its statehood. Lebanon in the 1980s remained a state with all its capacities intact despite the civil war. For instance, Algeria, Australia, Brazil, Belgium, Canada, Great Britain, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Spain, South Africa, all former Soviet Republics, Switzerland, the United States, Zaire, etc to cite only a few.

Answer the questions:

1. How is a state defined?

2. Why is the government of each state entitled to international rights and duties?

3. Why must governments be effective?

4. 4. Can state loose its statehood (статус государства), if civil war, foreign invasion, or natural disasters prevent an established state from acting properly?

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