I. Answer the questions:

1. When and how did Internet get started?

2. What is the TCP/IP protocol?

3. Who provides physical connections that allow the access to the Internet?

4. How is the host address expressed in DNS?

5. What is a browser?

6. What is a domain name?

7. What is the IP address?

WORDS TO REMEMBER

bypass route	объезд, объездной маршрут
pipeline	канал (связи, снабжения, коммуникации и т. д.)
thoroughfare	транспортная магистраль
entity	организация
for free	бесплатно
to sign up	подписаться на услуги провайдера
dial-up access	наборный доступ (по телефону)
user account	учетная запись пользователя (содержит имя пользователя и его пароль для регистрации при входе в сеть)
subset	подмножество
web page	страница или ряд страниц, хранимые в сети
web server WEB	сервер (компьютер, предоставляющий доступ к службам и страницам WWW пользователям Интернета)
to put up	организовывать, устраивать

TEXT B

WHO OWNS THE WWW?

Who owns the World Wide Web (WWW)? The answer is -NOBODY! How can that be?" you could ask. This concept is a bit difficult to grasp unless you understand the structure of the Internet and its component parts, including the WWW.

We have called the Internet "The Information Superhighway" and that is still the most accurate analogy. The Internet is a network of independently-owned and operated interconnecting communication pipelines, just as the system of roads and bridges is a network of independently-owned and operated thoroughfares. From dirt roads to gravel roads to two lane paved roads to the largest multi-lane superhighways. Each road and each bridge was built by an independent entity and continues to be owned and controlled by that entity, including sale or other transfer of interest. Anyone can connect to an interstate highway, if the price is right.

The beauty of the system, however, is that anyone can drive on any of these roads, usually for free. Once you get on one road in the system, you can use it to access any number of other roads, to go anywhere on the network you choose. All you need is a vehicle — a car or a computer with a modem and software.

The Internet works the same way. Some parts of the Internet were installed and now maintained by government agencies, some by universities, some by private businesses, some by individuals. Each new connection to the Internet is achieved by acquiring permission to connect to someone who is already connected. It can be as simple as an individual signing up for a dial-up access account through an ISP, or as complicated as a new ISP establishing a high-speed data connection to a major backbone, with dozens of pieces of computer hardware to regulate and route the traffic. Once you're on, you're on. You can go anywhere.

The WWW is merely a subset of information published on the Internet. The only thing distinguishing information on the Web from other types of information on the Internet is the format in which the information is published. Web documents are published in Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML). In order to put up a web page of your own, whether individual or business, you need to get access to the WWW by either renting space on an existing commercial Web sewer, or by putting up your own Web server and paying for a connection to someone else's data pipeline.

Either way, you'll own a piece of the WWW yourself!

TASKS