10 Points

2. Answer the questions:

11. What is the main difference between civil and criminal law?

12. What are the divisions of civil law?

13. What is the subject of tort law?

14. What does contract law regulate?

15. What does merchant law regulate?

16. Whom does intellectual property law protect?

17. What is the main law of any country?

18. What rights and freedoms does the constitution guarantee?

19. What issues does family law regulate?

20. Where can a person find protection if their human rights are violated?

10 Points

3. Translate the following sentences into English.

21. Торговое право регулирует коммерческую и производственную деятельность.

22. Все законодательство может быть разделено на гражданское и уголовное.

23. Гражданское законодательство может быть разделено на вещное право, договорное право и деликтное право.

24. Для продажи земли может быть использовано договорное право.

4 points

4. Use the correct preposition with Gerunds.

25. We are fond ____ classical music.

26. The judge insisted ____ a strict sentence.

27. Let’s congratulate him _____ his success.

28. They are tired ____ waiting.

29. We blame him ____ doing this work badly.

30. I hope you will succeed ____ arresting this criminal.

6 points

5. Translate into Russian, paying attention to Participles I and II.

31. a broken window

32. a written letter

33. a running dog

34. stolen things

35. a singing bird

36. an accused thief

37. a practicing lawyer

7 points

6. Choose the correct form of the Participle - -ed or – ing:

38. I was very excited/exciting when I saw the accident.

39. This excited/exciting meeting was shown on TV.

40. A little amusing/amused kitten was found on the stairs.

41. We were amusing/amused by his joke and humorous stories.

42. They learn shocked/shocking details of the case.

43. He was shocked/shocking to find the children alone in the house.

6 points

7. Change sentences as in the model:

The girl who is standing by the window is a singer.

44. The judge who hears cases of petty crimes is called a magistrate.

45. The professor who teaches us criminology is a famous lawyer.

46. People who violate laws on intellectual property are seldom punished.

47.The offender who was sentenced to imprisonment looked disappointed.

48. The people who sit in the jury are ordinary people.

49. The woman who is speaking now is the founder of our organization.

50. The sentences that were passed by that judge were always fair.

7 Points

Total: 50 points

Грамматический справочник

Времена глагола в действительном залоге (Active Voice)

Present Simple V/V3 I cook. He cooks. (always, often, every day)	Present Continuous Am, is, are + ing I am cooking now.	Present Perfect Have(has) + V(3) I have just (already) cooked.	Present Perfect Continuous Have (has) been + ing I have been cooking for 2 hours since 12.
Past Simple V-ed(V2) I cooked yesterday (2 days ago).	Past Continuous Was/were + ing I was cooking at 5 yesterday.	Past Perfect had + V(3) I had cooked dinner by 5 o/clock.	Past Perfect Continuous Had been + ing I had been cooking for 2 hours when you came.
Future Simple Will + V I will cook tomorrow.	Future Continuous Will be + ing I will be cooking tomorrow at 5.	Future Perfect Will have + V(3) I will have cooked dinner by 5.	Future Perfect Continuous Will have been + ing At 12 I will have been cooking for 2 hours.
Future Simple in the Past Would + V I would cook.	Future Continuous in the Past I would be cooking.	Future Perfect in the Past I would have cooked dinner.	Future Perfect Continuous I would have been cooking

Времена глагола в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice)

Present Simple Am, is, are + V (3) The room is cleaned.	Present Continuous Am, is, are bein+ V (3) The room is being cleaned.	Present Perfect have(has)been+V(3) The room has been cleaned.
Past Simple Was/were +V(3) The room was cleaned.	Past Continuous Was/were being+V(3) The room was being cleaned.	Past Perfect Had been+V(3) The room had been cleaned.
Future Simple Will be+V(3) The room will be cleaned.	___	Future Perfect Will have been + V(3) The room will have been cleaned.

Косвенная речь Изменения во временах

Direct speech	Reported speech	Example
Present simple	Past simple	‘I need a card,’ he said. He said he needed a card.
Present continuous	Past continuous	‘I am reading a letter,’ he said. He said he was reading a letter.
Present perfect	Past perfect	‘I have done it,’ he said. He said he had done it.
Present perfect continuous	Past perfect continuous	‘I’ve been thinking about it.’ He said. He said he had been thinking about it.
Past simple	Past perfect	‘I spent all money,’ he said. He said he had spent all money.
Past perfect	Past perfect (no tense change)	‘I’d looked everywhere.’ He said. He said he’d looked everywhere.
Past perfect continuous	Past perfect continuous (no tense change)	‘I’d been looking for him,’ she said. She said she’d been looking for him.
Am/is/are going to	Was/were going to	‘I’m going to see her,’ he said. He said he was going to see her.
will	would	‘I’ll need it,’ he said. He said he would need it.
can	could	‘I can swim,’ he said. He said he could swim.
Must/have to	Had to	‘I must go,’ he said. He said he had to go.
May/might	might	‘I may go there,’ he said. He said he might go there.

Изменения в местоимениях

Direct speech	Reported speech	Example
my	his/her	‘I’ve lost my card,’ he said. He said he had lost his card.
this/that	the/that	‘I love this book,’ he said. He said he loved the/that book.
this/that	it	‘This is nice book,’ he said. He said it was a nice book.
these/those	the/those	‘I love these books,’ he said. He said he loved the/those books.
these/those	they	‘These are lovely books,’ he said. He said they were lovely books.
these/those	them	‘I’m going to buy these,’ he said. He said he was going to buy them.

Изменения в обозначении времени и места

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
this/these	that/those
here	there
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
last week (year)	the week (year) before
next week (year)	the following week (year)
the day before yesterday	two days before
the day after tomorrow	two days later
ago	before

Изменение вспомогательных и модальных глаголов в косвенной речи

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
am/is	was
are	were
do/does	did
have/has	had
will	would
can	could
may	might
must	had to

При переводе в косвенную речь вопроса:

1. Специальные вопросы вводятся вопросительными словами;

2. Общие вопросы вводятся союзами if/whether(в русском – частица «ли»);

3. Используется прямой порядок слов (как в утвердительном предложении).

He asked me if I had seen the film.

He asked me when I had seen the film.

Условные предложения

Реальное условие	If + Present Simple, will + V	If you come to us, we will show you the film.
Нереальное условие (может произойти при определенных условиях)	If + Past Simple, would + V	If he came, he would help us.
Нереальное условие (относится к прошлому)	If + Past Perfect, would have done	If he had come yesterday, he would have helped us.

Предложения с wish

Wish+PastSimple(пожелание на будущее)	I wish they came today. Приехали бы они сегодня. (Я хочу, чтобы они приехали)
Wish+PastPerfect(сожаление о прошлом)	I wish I had not said it. Жаль, что я сказал это. (Я хотел бы, чтобы я этого не говорил).

Формы герундия (Gerund)

	Active	Passive
Simple	doing	being done
Perfect	having done	having been done

Глаголы и выражения, которые употребляются с герундием

enjoy	We both enjoy skiing.	Мы оба получаем удовольствие от катания на лыжах.
feel like	I don’t feel like studying.	Мне не хочется учиться.
worth	The film is worth seeing.	Этот фильм стоит посмотреть..
Mind	Do you mind my opening the window?	Ты не против, если я открою окно?
be tired of	He was tired of waiting.	Он устал ждать.
thank for	Thank you for coming.	Спасибо, что пришли.
Without	He left without saying goodbye.	Он ушел, не попрощавшись.
insist upon	He insists on doing it now.	Он настаивает на том, чтобы сделать это сейчас.
Stop	He stopped playing tennis at 54.	Он бросил играть в теннис в 54 года.
blame for	Don’t blame him for ruining my life.	Не вини его за то, что он разрушил мою жизнь.
succeed in	He finally succeeded in finding money for his project.	Ему наконец удалось найти деньги на свой проект.
be fond of	They are so fond of playing chess.	Они так любят играть в шахматы.
burst out	In the middle of the lesson she burst out laughing.	Посреди урока она разразилась смехом.
cannot stand	I can’t stand washing up.	Я не выношу мыть посуду.
cannot help	I cannot help smiling when I see funny little puppies.	Я не могу не улыбаться, когда вижу смешных щенков.
Avoid	He avoids meeting us.	Он избегает встречаться с нами.
give up	Never give up making efforts.	Никогда не переставай делать усилия.
admit	He admitted making a mistake.	Он признал, что сделал ошибку.

Список основных глаголов и глагольных сочетаний, причастий и прилагательных, за которыми следует герундий

to be disappointed – быть разочарованным в

to accuse of – обвинять в

to approve (disapprove) of - одобрять (не одобрять)

to think of – думать о

topreventfrom– препятствовать, мешать (сделать что-то)

to consist in – заключаться в

to be fond of - любить что-либо

to be proud of – гордиться чем-либо

to count on (upon) = to depend on - рассчитывать на

tosucceedin– иметь успех в, удаваться

to insist on (upon) – настаивать на

to be interested in – интересоваться чем-либо

to be tired of – уставать от чего-либо

to get used to – привыкать к

to be used to – привыкнуть к

to go on – продолжать

to suggest – предлагать

to be surprised at – удивляться чему-либо

to suspect of – подозревать в

to be responsible for – быть ответственным за

to hear of – слышать о

to be afraid of - бояться чего-либо

tobecapable(incapable)of– быть способным (неспособным) на

topersistin– упорно продолжать что-то

toresultin– иметь результатом, приводить к

to be engaged in – заниматься чем-либо

toobjectto– возражать против

tothankfor– благодарить за

Формы причастия (Participle I)

	Active	Passive
Present	doing	being done
Perfect	having done	having been done

Формы инфинитива (неопределенной формы глагола)

	Active	Passive
Present	to do	to be done
Perfect	to havе done	to have been done
Continuous	to be doing

Инфинитив без частицы “to” (“bare infinitive”)

1. После модальных глаголов:

I can swim. I must go.

2. После глаголов make(заставлять),let(позволять):

Mum made me do the room. Let me help you.

3. С выражениями why not, you’d better, I’d rather:

Why not go there? I’d rather stay home. You’d better read it.

4. В сложном дополнении после глаголов чувственного восприятия:

We saw him jump over the fence. They heard us sing.

Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)

Состоит:существительное в именительном падеже/местоимение в косвенном падеже + инфинитив сtoили безto

Употребляется с:

1. глаголами желания to want, to expect, would like (с частицей to)

I want him to come at 7.

2. глаголами разрешения и принуждения (tomake,tolet) без частицыto.

We let her use our computer.

3. глаголами физического восприятия (без to)

They saw us cross the street.

Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)

Состоит: существительное или местоимение в именительном падеже + инфинитив с to

Употребляется с:

1.C глаголами to seem, to appear, to happen, to turn out.

He turned out to be a mean person.

Он оказался подлым человеком.

They seemed to be discussing something important.

Казалось, они обсуждали что-то важное.

2. Глаголы в страдательном залоге: to be said, to be reported, to be supposed, to be expected, to be known, to be considered, to be understood, to be thought, to be believed, to be made , to be seen, to be heard.

The conference is supposed to begin at ten.

Полагают, что конференция начнётся в десять.

He is said to be a very skilled worker.

Говорят, он очень опытный работник.

He was made to leave the room.

Его заставили выйти из комнаты.

 

3. Фразы to be sure (быть уверенным), to be likely (вероятно), to be unlikely (вряд ли, маловероятно), to be certain (быть уверенным):

He is sure to become your friend.

Он точно станет твоим другом.

I’m likely to be busy tomorrow.

Вероятно, я буду завтра занят.