- •Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
- •Введение
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Give definitions of the following words:
- •3. Read the text and do the tasks.
- •4. Answer the question about the British police.
- •5. Finish the following sentences, using tail questions.
- •6. Find equivalents to the following Russian words and phrases in the text above:
- •7. Read the interview with a police officer. Dramatize it. Then sum up the information you learnt from the interview about the British police.
- •9. Master your vocabulary in the topic “Crime and Criminals”
- •10. Read the text and explain why a police officer has to ‘caution’ the person who is being arrested.
- •11. Complete the article with words from the box.
- •12. Match the words in bold in the previous task to the definitions 1-7.
- •13. Use the words from the box in the text:
- •14. Read the newspaper article below and think of a headline for it. Answer the questions:
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Read the following verbs:
- •15. Make a survey of the crimes and court cases that are reported in the news in one week.
- •16. Read the conversation between Nancy Bryant, a fraud prevention officer, and a journalist. Answer the questions:
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Explain what the following words and expressions mean:
- •5. Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •6. Fill in the gaps in the text below with the words and expressions from the box:
- •7. Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the sentences below the text.
- •9. Use one word in each gap. You’ve been framed!
- •11 Points
- •6 Points
- •12 Points
- •6 Points
- •5 Points
- •Vocabulary
- •10. Match each of the following verbs with a word or phrase on the right. They are all connected with a British court of law.
- •11. Interview your partner using the questions below:
- •12. Read the text below and think of the word which fits best for each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
- •13. Read the text below and decide which answer (a, b, c, or d) best fits each gap.
- •14. Study the authentic cases given below. Discuss each in pairs and decide the following:
- •15. People say that children today are growing up more quickly. The law sometimes makes this possible. Look at the information below. How these laws are different in Russia?
- •16. Read the article and complete it with the words from the box.
- •17. Translate into English.
- •18. Translate into English.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Which of the actions or procedures above are carried out by each of the following people?
- •2 . Match each word below with the definition.
- •7. Complete these sentences using the pairs from the exercise above. You may have to make changes to fit the grammar of the sentences. The first one has been made for you as an example.
- •8. Put each of the words in the box in its correct place in the passage below:
- •10 Read the four articles below.
- •11. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
- •13 Work in pairs. Read the information below and decide how much money the woman should receive.
- •14. Why do you think people commit crimes? Discuss the problem of the causes of crime.
- •15. Discuss these questions:
- •17. Read the newspaper extract below, and discuss the question that follows.
- •Vocabulary
- •4. Fill in the gaps.
- •5. Translate from Russian into English.
- •6. Complete the following text using the words from the box:
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Discuss the items below:
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. What is your opinion about the trial jury?
- •Grammar
- •8 Points
- •8 Points
- •7 Points
- •8 Points
- •7 Points
- •12 Points
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Before you read the text discuss the following points:
- •2. Read the text.
- •2. Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expression:
- •3. Write out all kinds of punishments from the text and put them in order from the most serious ones to the lightest.
- •4. Answer the questions about the text:
- •5. Match to make sentences.
- •6. A. Use a word in each gap to complete the text.
- •7. Use one word in each gap.
- •8. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap.
- •9. Read the text below and think of the word which fits best in each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
- •Identity theft
- •10. Translate the following text into English:
- •11. Discuss the following issues:
- •12. Read the following text.
- •Vocabulary
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Find English equivalents for the following words and phrases in the text:
- •5. Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents:
- •6. Translate the following text into English:
- •7. Study the following phrasal verbs:
- •Vocabulary
- •3. Which sentences are true and which ones are false?
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the verbs with the nouns. Use the phrases in the sentences of your own:
- •10. Translate into English.
- •11. Read the following newspaper stories. How do you feel when you read them? Work in groups. Discuss each case in turn.
- •Grammar
- •Infinitive. Complex Object. Complex Subject.
- •15 Points
- •Insert the words from the box:
- •10 Points
- •Vocabulary
- •6. Below are the main areas of commercial law. Match each branch to the contents it covers. The first one is done for you.
- •Vocabulary
- •5. Say whether the statements are true or false.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Read the text ‘Women in Politics’ and answer the questions:
- •9. Speak on the topic “Law of property, natural resources and the environment”.
- •Victims of oil shortage.
- •It’s an ill wind…
- •13. A) Work in pairs. Take it in turns to react to the statements below. Use the expressions for expressing opinion from the previous exercise.
- •Vocabulary
- •4. Are these statements true or false?
- •6. Find the best equivalent for the words below.
- •7. Give the English equivalents for the following:
- •8. Work in pairs. Which of the following freedoms is the most important to you? Why?
- •9. Choose the correct word to complete sentences. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
- •It happened on December 1
- •12. Read the text below and answer the question: what does the law of your country guarantee to disabled people? What is the attitude to people with limited abilities?
- •13. Translate into English.
- •14. Read the text below and discuss with your class mates how much privacy we have these days.
- •10 Points
- •10 Points
- •7 Points
- •Основная литература
Vocabulary
PropertyLaw– право собственности, вещное право
ContractLaw– договорное право, договорно-обязательственное право
TortLaw– деликтное право
MerchantLaw– торговое право
NegotiableInstrumentsLaw– закон об оборотных документах
negotiable- оборотный, могущий быть переуступленным, могущий быть предметом переговоров
procedure– судопроизводство
realproperty– недвижимое имущество
personalproperty– движимое имущество, личная собственность, имущество
tangibleproperty– материальная собственность
intangibleproperty- нематериальная собственность (например, интеллектуальная)
equity– справедливость, право справедливости право, основанное на нормах справедливости
EquitableLaw– право справедливости
remedy– средство правовой защиты
Before reading the text below try to remember:
What branches of law do you know?
What problems do they tackle?
Read the text.
The law is the whole body of laws considered collectively. There are many ways in which the law can be classified. It can be divided into common law, civil law, criminal law, constitutional law, substantive and procedural laws, etc.
By the words ‘common’ law’ we mean law which is common to the whole country – national law in contrast to local law. Common law in England is unwritten law, based on judicial decisions made by judges in previous cases (case law) in contrast to the law made by Parliament or other law-making body (statute law). It distinguishes the common law legal systems based on precedents from the civil law jurisdictions based on civil codes. Law of equity is the application of principles of justice outside common law or statute law, used to correct laws when these would apply unfairly in special circumstances.
One important distinction is between private – or civil – law and public law. Civil law concerns disputes between citizens within the country, and public law concerns disputes between citizens and the state, or between one state and another. The main categories of English civil law are contracts, torts, trusts, family law. The main categories of public law are crimes, constitutional law, and international law.
Commercial law regulates commercial relationships among people in the world of business. The main areas of commercial law are bankruptcy, consumer credit contracts, relations of debtors and creditors, as well as landlords and tenants, mortgages, real estate transactions and so on.
Intellectual property law is designed to promote the worldwide protection of industrial property (inventions, trademarks, and designs) and copyright materials (literary, musical, photographic, and other artistic works).
Family law covers child custody, children’s rights, marriage, divorce, insurance, adoption, estates and trusts.
Workers’ compensation laws are designed to ensure that employees who are injured or disabled on the job are provided with fixed monetary awards, eliminating the need for litigation.
Answer the questions:
What is law?
How is law classified?
What is common law?
What does civil law concern?
What are the main categories of civil law?
What does commercial law regulate?
What does intellectual property law regulate?
What problems does family law cover?
Translate the following sentences into Russian.
Law may be broken into Criminal Law and Civil Law. Civil Law may be broken into Property Law, Contract Law and Tort Law. Each of these three can be broken into law and equity components.
A Law of Property would be required so that we could determine who owned what or had what rights in what property.
If you damage my property, we need Tort Law; if I want to sell the land to you, we need Contract Law; if I want you to get my property when I die, we need Inheritance Law; if I want to pay by check, we need Negotiable Instruments Law; if we want to be merchants or manufactures of products, we need Merchant Law; we need remedies and procedure to make the law work for us when someone breaches the law against us.
The relationships between people in the world of business are regulated by the Law of Commercial Transactions.
Land and what is erected on it or grown upon it, property which, on death of the owner, passes to his heir, is called real property, for example, a real estate.
In broad and general sense, everything that is the subject of ownership and is not included into the concept of real property, is considered personal property. It includes money, goods, furniture, animals as well as such personal property as stocks, shares, patents and copyrights.
Everything that can be felt or touched is called tangible property.
Intangible property is connected with a right rather than a physical object. Examples would be patents, stocks, bonds, goodwill, trademarks, franchises, copyrights.
Equity generally means justice or fairness. Historically, equity refers to a separate body of law developed in England in reaction to the inability of the common law courts to provide a remedy for every injury. The principle of Equitable Law is to find a way to achieve a lawful result when legal procedure is inadequate. 72
Translate the sentences into English.
Объектом вещного права является конкретная вещь.
Все законодательство может быть разделено на гражданское и уголовное.
Гражданское законодательство может быть разделено на вещное право, договорное право, и деликтное право.
Если будет нанесен ущерб собственности юридических и физических лиц, то может быть использовано деликтное право.
При необходимости продажи земли может быть использовано договорное право.
Для передачи наследства используется наследственное право.
Для регулирования платежных операция используется право оборотных документов.
Торговое право регулирует коммерческую и производственную деятельность.
В случае нарушения законов необходимо использование средств судебной защиты и судопроизводства.
Интеллектуальная собственность относится к категории нематериальной собственности.
Гражданские правонарушения включают нарушения прав личности, права владения собственностью, нарушение других прав.
Нападение на человека, избиение его означает нарушение прав личности.
Воровство и ограбление человека со взломом помещения означает нарушение права владения собственностью. Небрежность, халатность означают осуществление конкретным человеком таких действий, которые другие благоразумные люди на его месте не совершили бы в аналогичных или сходных обстоятельствах.
Опрометчивость, грубая неосторожность (recklessness) означает совершение определенных действий без учета того, являются ли эти действия безопасными для других. При этом тот, кто эти действия совершает, знает или имеет все основания полагать, что его действия создают ситуацию, когда возникает большой риск нанесения вреда другим лицам.73