«Fat in the diet»

1. Письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

Every physiological process in the body requires energy. Energy is needed for the organism to function, to grow and to engage in physical activity, and is stored in food in the form of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Fat contains twice as much energy as protein or carbohydrate, and is therefore an important source of energy. It also contains the essential polyunsaturated¹ fatty acids and is a vehicle² for the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K. Apart from its nutritional aspects, fat also gives food taste and consistency, and is an excellent vehicle for flavourings.

In the body fat provides support and protection for internal organs and provides an important reserve of energy.

The body makes its own fatty acids, but only those that are saturated and mono-unsaturated. The essential polyunsaturated fatty acids can be produced only by plants and so have to be supplied via foods.

1 – to saturate – насыщать

2 – vehicle – связующее вещество

Кратко расскажите по-английски:

а) какие функции выполняют жиры;

б) о способности животного организма производить жиры.

UNIT4

« PROTEINS »

Active Vocabulary:

protein (complete, partially complete, incomplete) белок (полноценный / частично полноценный/неполноценный);

to vary, variation – отличаться, разновидность;

to link – соединять, связывать,

to maintain, maintenance – поддерживать, поддержка,

to value - оценивать,

value - ценность,

valuable - ценный;

to support - поддерживать;

to classify - классифицировать;

to result in – приводить к чему-либо;

to base upon - основывать;

adequate - достаточный;

to be able, ability – быть способным, способность

Notes

nitrogen– азот

sulphur – сера

phosphorus – фосфор

iron - железо

essential amino acids - незаменимые аминокислоты

casein - казеин

lactalbumin['læk'tælbjumin] - лактальбумин/молочный белок

PRE-TEXT EXERCISES

1. Переведите на русский язык данные словосочетания.

to differ in the elements present in sugar; to contain also nitrogen and in most cases sulphur; the nitrogen content commonly varies from 10 to 18 per cent; foods of both animal and plant origin; foods high in protein; to contain the proteins, lactalbumin and casein, as well as others of lesser importance; to be complex in nature; to be composed of a number of amino acids; to vary in the kind and number of amino acids; variation in the quality of proteins; to result in the classification; a complete protein is one that …; an incomplete protein neither supports normal growth nor maintains life, even if it is the only protein in the diet

Proteins differ from carbohydrates in that, besides the elements present in sugar and starches, they also contain nitrogen and in most cases sulphur. Phosphorus and iron are also found in some proteins. The importance of nitrogen content commonly varies from 10 to 18 per cent. Proteins are found in foods of both animal and plant origin. Meat, eggs, milk, nuts and certain of cereal foods are high in protein. All those foods contain more than one protein. Milk, for example, contains the proteins, lactalbumin and casein, as well as others of lesser importance.

Proteins are complex in nature, they are composed of a number of amino acids or “building blocks”, linked together, and also of amino acids linked with other substances. Proteins vary in the kind and number of amino acids present. Certain amino acids the body is unable to build. These are known as essential amino acids and must be supplied by the foods eaten.

Variation in the quality of proteins has resulted in their classification as complete, partially complete, and incomplete, based upon their ability to support normal growth and to maintain life even if it is the only protein in the diet. A partially complete protein is one that maintain life but does not support normal growth. An incomplete protein, although valuable in the diet, will by itself neither support normal growth nor maintain life. Most animal proteins are complete. Plant proteins are more or less incomplete, although the soya bean and the wheat grain contain proteins that are complete. Valuable sources of protein are: cereals and cereal products, cheese, eggs, fish, meat, milk, nuts.