Задания
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What functions do fats perform? 2. What kind of derived conpounds of fats are known? 3. What fatty acids are essential for a human body? 4. Out of what can a human body make fat? 5. Why must we call on animals to help us in fat manufacture?
2. Заполните пропуски и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a/ depletion, b/ depleted, c/ depleting
1. Inadequate diet may result in ... fat around the nerves. 2. The fat ... around the nerves cannot protect them from shocks. 3. The ... of fat in a body is extremely dangerous.
a/ performed, b/ perform, c/ performance
1. Fats ... different functions in the body. 2. The ... of the protective function by fats is very significant. 3. One of the function … by fats is the protectione of the nerves from shocks.
a/derivatives, b/derivation, c/derived
I. The word "vitamin" is ... from Latin. 2. It was necessary to study the ... of some compounds from fats. 3. They were given the task of finding some ... of fats.
3. Найдите в тексте синонимы выделенных слов.
both animals and human beings consume sugars and starches and keep the surplus as fat; the capacity to make fats from carbohydrates is a property of most living matter; fatty acids carry out some very important function in our animal life; as an argument this is indisputable but as a notice of facts it is a hundred per cent incorrect; fats in the form of compounds obtained from them perform a significant role in our brain and entire nervous system; we are forced to appeal to other animals; we could not get an adequate quantity of fat-soluble vitamins; there are two fatty acids which the body cannot produce itself; several fats and fatty acids are necessary for the human body
4. Укажите номера пропущенных слов.
1.
Animals and human beings ... sugars and starch and store the excess
as fats. 2. A characteristic of most living matter is the ... to make
fats from carbohydrates. 3. Sugar is very important for the nutrition
of our … system. 4. Carbohydrates and fats are ... for the living
organism. 5. The sterols ... from the fats are also essential for the
living organism. 6. Without fats in the diet we could not get a ...
amount of fat-soluble vitamins. 7. … foods perform some very
important functions in animal life. 8. Our body ... to manufacture
some necessary fats. 9. Fats form a ... layer around the nerves. 10.
We need to call on animals as a human body cannot ... some essential
fats and fatty acids.
1. sufficient, 2. derived, 3. refuses, 4. take in, 5. brain, 6. protective, 7. manufacture, 8. fatty, 9. ability, 10. essential
«Energy requirements»
Прочитайте текст и разделите его на логические части.
Озаглавьте каждую из выделенных частей.
Перечислите на английском языке все факторы, влияющие на энергетические потребности организма человека.
No matter how quiet a person may be, his body is constantly at work. Certain processes and activities always go on as long as life continues. The blood must circulate and the heart must beat. Breathing must take place and elimination of body wastes must be carried on. All these require energy, which must be supplied by the food taken into the body. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins, when oxidized or burned in the body, give energy. However, protein is not widely recommended or used as a chief dietary source of energy. Foods classed as “protein-rich” should be the source of 10 to 15 per cent of the total energy requirement. Fats should furnish 20 to 30 per cent of the total energy. This amount is well utilized by the body and also provides the desired quality to the diet. The remaining 55 to 70 per cent of the energy requirement should be met by “carbohydrate-rich” foods, such as cereals, bread, potatoes, other vegetables and fruits and sugar.
The energy of fuel value of a food is measured in terms of calories. A calorie, indicated by cal., is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one decree Centigrade. A gram of carbohydrate has an energy or fuel value of four calories; a gram of fat nine calories; a gram of protein four calories. The daily requirement of a woman may range from 2,000 to 2,600 calories or more and the daily requirement of a man, from 2,500 to 3,700 calories or more.
The energy need depends chiefly upon the activity, age and size, but also upon climate and season. A tall person requires more calories than a short one of the same weight, engaging in similar activity. A cold climate tends to make the energy requirements higher than a warm one under similar conditions.