«Complex vitamins»

Прочитайте текст и дайте характеристику витаминов группы В.

Thiamine which is designated as B₁, is one of the B vitamins that are often called the B-complex vitamins. Thiamine is destroyed by prolonged heating. The shorter the cooking time and the less the amount of water used, the less is the loss of thiamine. Important sources of thiamine are: whole grain bread and cereals, meat, milk, liver, nuts, vegetables.

Riboflavin is another of the D vitamins and was called vitamin B₂. It is essential to growth and due to it a high level of positive health is maintained. Riboflavin is little affected by heat but easily destroyed by baking soda. It is also readily destroyed by light and is soluble in water. Foods that are good sources of riboflavin are: whole grain or enriched bread and cereals, cheese, eggs, green leafy vegetables¹, meat, liver, milk.

Still another of the B vitamins is niacin. Until it was recognized as vitamin, this substance was known to chemists as nicotinic acid. Niacin is essential for growth and normal functioning of the skin and the digestive tract. Niacin is stable to air, heat and light, however, it is readily soluble in water and especially hot water. Foods that furnish niacin are: enriched or whole grain bread and cereals, meat, liver.

In many states thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and iron are more and more commonly being added, flour, rice and other processed cereals to enrich them with these needed food constituents.

Pyridoxine, often referred to as vitamin B₆, is essential for good health. It is especially involved in certain cellular activities and in the utilization of other foods by the body. This vitamin is soluble in water and stable to heat, alkalies and acids, however, it oxidizes readily and is destroyed by light. Good food sources are heart, liver, meat, seeds and whole wheat.

Certain relationships among the vitamins make for better use of these nutrients in the body. For example, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin are all essential in the utilization of carbohydrates. Vitamin B₆ is essential in the utilization of protein. Vitamin D is closely related to the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus and in its absence these minerals are not efficiently used in bone formation.

Many other vitamins than those presented here have been discovered, but their role in nutrition has not been determinated yet.

1 – green leafy vegetables – овощи со съедобными листьями (напр. салат)

«Vitamins»

1. Письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

Vitamins are organic compounds essential for the normal functioning of the body, and usually obtained from foods. Vitamins are present in minute quantities compared to the other utilizable components of the diet - proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and minerals.

Almost all knowledge of the vitamins has been obtained during the 20^th century. The discovery of the vitamins has primarily been the result of two lines of investigation: the study of nutritional disease in people and the feeding of purified diets of known composition to experimental animals. In this way vitamin deficiency diseases, known as avitaminoses, have been described.

Synthetic and natural vitamins usually have the same biological value. The use of vitamins has been the subject of different research. The principal members of the vitamin groups are A, B, C, D, E, K. The functions of the vitamins are extremely varied and important for health, development and growth.

Кратко расскажите по-английски:

а) о необходимости включения витаминов в питание человека,

б) об особенностях любого из известных витаминов и его источниках,

в) перечислите по-английски: а) пищевые продукты с высоким содержанием витаминов и б) характерные особенности витаминов, представленных в тексте.

UNIT 6

«MINERALS»

Active Vocabulary:

to link, link (to connect) – связывать, соединять, связь;

to trace– прослеживать,

trace - микроэлемент;

to assimilate - усваивать,

assimilation - усвоение,

assimilable– усвояемый, способный к усвоению;

to perform, performance – выполнять, выполнение;

to occur, (to happen)– случаться, происходить;

occurrence– наличие (признака);

to lack, lack– испытывать недостаток, недостаток, дефицит;

deficiency– отсутствие, нехватка,

to be deficient in– содержаться в незначительном количестве;

to ruin, ruination– разрушать, уничтожать, ;

outer- внешний, наружный;

inner– внутренний,

coat, covering– покров, слой, оболочка;

layer- слой;

vital– жизненно важный, насущный,

exacting - точный;

to remove, removal – удалять, удаление

Notes

tuber – fruit – germ – to peel – peelings – ore – calcium –

клубень плод зародыш очищать (фрукты) очистки руда кальций

to strip – fine milling – to sprinkle – iron – copper – leafy –

снимать, обдирать мелкий помол посыпать железо медь покрытый листьями, листовой

PRE-TEXT EXERCISES