Chapter 9 (pages 48-50)

1. Remember the following words and expressions, make 10 sentences with them:

corrugated iron sheet – лист рифленого железа

cladding – обшивка, облицовка

purlin (roof) – обрешетина (на крыше)

thermal properties – термические свойства

sound insulation – звукоизоляция

adjoining room – смежная комната

pliable material – пластичный материал

mould = mold – форма, формовать

solid blocks – цельные блоки

hollow blocks – полые блоки

lime – известь, известняк

prevent – предотвращать, предупреждать

2. Fill the gaps with the necessary words, there is one extra word, translate the sentences into Russian:

durability, solid, moulded, internal, load-bearing, stability, hollow, kiln, non-load-bearing, support, structures

a Hollow blocks are most suitable for … internal walls and are weaker than … blocks.

b For the additional … of the structure load-bearing … walls are built.

c … and … are the two main requirements for every building material.

d After drying out all the … bricks are fired in a … .

e The … external walls are normally used for domestic buildings or other one or two storied … .

3. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, translate them into Russian:

a materials / external / hand / built / As / be / walls / handle / should / masonry / by / convenient / are / to

b resistance / characteristics / walls / properties / Weather / should / the / have / and / external/ are / thermal / the

c load-bearing / loads / construction / of / roof / The / and / wall / supports / floor / the / stone

d is / building / stone / to / available / is / freely / material / be / As / considered / economic / it / natural / an

e the / is / walls / non-load-bearing / Wind / obligatory / cladding / resistance / for / external / in

4. Mark these sentences as true (T) or false (F), explain your choice, translate them into Russian:

a Load-bearing external walls normally stand independently of the main structure.

b Support provided by the framework is forced by the corrugated sheet cladding.

c The strength and durability of the block depends on the aggregate used with the cement.

d Load-bearing internal partitions usually stand on a concrete foundation.

e Fire-resistance and sound insulation are the obligatory requirements for the internal walls.

5. Answer the following questions:

a What types of wall do you know?

b What characteristics should the external walls have?

c What characteristics should the internal walls have ?

d What building materials are used for external walls?

e What is the purpose of mortar?

f How does the application affect the proportions of the aggregates in mortar?

6. Give a summary of the fragment.

Chapter 9 (pages 52-55)

1. Remember the following words and expressions, make 10 sentences with them:

half-round joint – вогнутый шов

weather-struck joint – шов (кладки) со скосом кверху

recessed joint – пустошовка

flush joint – гладкий, заполненный шов

surplus – остаток, излишек

wire brush – металлическая проволочная щетка

arris – ребро, острый край

quoin – угловой камень кладки

perpend – вертикальный шов кирпичной кладки

stretcher bond – ложковая перевязка

cavity wall – пустотная стена

header bond – тычковая перевязка

Flemish bond – Фламандская перевязка

2. Fill the gaps with the necessary words, there is one extra word, translate the sentences into Russian:

vertical, bonding, construction, width, stability, flat, skin, trusses, pattern, level, stretcher

a If an external … of a cavity wall is the width of a single brick, … bond can be used.

b The loads from joists ends and roof … are spread through the wall by … .

c A … appearance is usually created by a joint where the mortar joint is … with the masonry.

d The usage of English bond gives a very well bonded … and a more interesting … .

e Avoidance of continuous … joints is the basic principle of … in stonework.

3. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, translate them into Russian:

a which / unstable / joints / by / the / Continuous / bonding / are / can / wall / vertical / avoided / make

b with / is / and / four / The / a / joint / rod / set / formed / recessed/ square / back / is / millimeters

c when / should / and/ appearance / used / strong / Closers / good/ are / bond / the / be / needed

d affected / mortar / finished / is / wall / The / by / joint / appearance / the

e the / it / walls / achieve / 215 mm / ties / stretcher/ for / possible / thick / Wall / appearance / to / bond / make / of

4. Mark these sentences as true (T) or false (F), explain your choice, translate them into Russian:

a All the works on the external walls can be done immediately after the joints are completed.

b The weather-struck joint enables rain to run off an external wall more easily.

c English bond is achieved by laying the bricks lengthwise across the wall.

d Header bond is the only type of bond that can be used in blockwork.

e Flush joints are usually formed with a steel rod drawn along the joint.

5. Answer the following questions:

a What types of joints with masonry do you know?

b What is a closer (bed, quoin, arris)?

c What types of bonds do you know and what is the difference between them?

d What can you say about bonding in stonework?

e What can you say about bonding in blockwork?

f What is bonding?

6. Give a summary of the fragment.