Chapter 5 (pages 18-22)

1. Remember the following words and expressions, make 10 sentences with them:

latrine – уборная

personal effects – личные вещи

temporary access road – временная дорога

tank – резервуар

concrete mixer – бетономешалка

pick – кирка

spade – лопата

sledge hammer – кувалда

wooden peg – деревянный колышек

tape measure – рулетка

plumb bob – свинцовый груз, отвес

boulder – глыба, большой камень

2. Fill the gaps with the necessary words, there is one extra word, translate the sentences into Russian:

fixing, contractor, aggregates, roots, boundary fence, boulder, variety, access point, concrete mixer, bushes, digging, preliminary, check

a A … of tools is needed to do the …, lifting, … and measuring jobs.

b The … should have a single … so that someone can … people in and out .

c Deliveries of … will need clear access to the … .

d The … of trees and … must be dug out and cleared away.

e A … will dig trial holes as part of the … site works.

3. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, translate them into Russian:

a bushes / should / removed / such / All / be / as / and / vegetation / scrub

b left / space / under / the / Clear / construction / must / the / around / be / building

c site / the / drawings / should / of / the / to / boundaries / all / the / contractor / out / First / lay / according

d is / nest / in / eat / as / Termite / cellulose / timber / the / termites / a / danger / eat / the

e should / all / access / site / the / for / weather / enter / in / A / vehicles / road / the / be / temporary / to / constructed

4. Mark these sentences as true (T) or false (F), explain your choice, translate them into Russian:

a One cannot touch the termite nests as they are protected by the law.

b The concrete mixer should be left in a permanent location during the building work.

c Site clearance is always done manually .

d The security fence helps the contractor to control the movement of people and materials .

e Trial holes provide information about the best methods of excavation.

5. Answer the following questions:

a What are the contractor’s responsibilities?

b What are the typical site requirements?

c What basic tools and equipment can be found on a site? Name at least five of them.

d Is clearing of site important? Why?

e What is a trial hole?

f Why should termite nests be destroyed on the site?

g What is the purpose of the working drawings and specifications?

6. Give a summary of the fragment.

Chapter 6 (pages 23-29)

1. Remember the following words and expressions, make 10 sentences with them:

obstruction – преграда, помеха, препятствие

square – квадрат, квадратный

rectangular – прямоугольный

circle – круг

builder’s square – наугольник

corner – угол

to tie a string – завязывать веревку

equal – равный

right angle – прямой угол

nail – гвоздь, прибивать гвоздями

loop – петля, затягивать петлю

trammel – эллипсограф

2. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, translate them into Russian:

a profile /a / can / using / moving / trammel / out / or / Curved / by / be / a / walls / set

b are / a / made / triangle / Right / traditionally / by / angles /3-4-5 / using

c on / building / of / set / profiles / outline / ground / the / fixed / and / The / with / the / out / is / lines

d by / and / center / positioned / Columns / lines / piers / using / are

e fix / Two / should / each / one / profiles / corner

3. Mark these sentences as true (T) or false (F), explain your choice, translate them into Russian:

a The diagonals of a rectangular building must be the same length.

b Rectangular buildings need fixed profiles.

c A square consists of two timber posts with a horizontal board across the top.

d The walls of a square or rectangular building must form angles of 180 degrees.

e Circular buildings also need fixed profiles.

4. Give the three forms of the following verbs, translate them into Russian:

establish, can, measure, build, be, mean, position, show, cut, attach, see, make, describe, find, assemble, give, use, nail, level, fix, bear, mark, remove, complete, locate, finish, run, drill, loop.

5. Answer the following questions:

a How to use a 3-4-5 triangle to make right angles?

b What is the alternative way of making right angles?

c How to make a profile?

d What are the steps of setting out a building?

e How to set out a moving profile for a circular building?

f What are the typical levels that need to be measured during the building process?

g What are the steps of setting up and using a site datum?

Chapter 7 (pages 30-33)

1. Remember the following words and expressions, make 10 sentences with them:

indicate – показывать, указывать

carry out – выполнять

topsoil – верхний слой почвы

stepped foundation – ступенчатый фундамент

basement – подвальный этаж, цокольный этаж

to solve a problem – решить проблему

support – опора, поддержка

damage – повреждение, поломка

firm – крепкий, прочный, твердый

filler – наполнитель

to settle – давать усадку

to pack tightly – хорошо утрамбовывать

2. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, translate them into Russian:

a excavation / the / show / depth / working / trenches / of / The / for / drawings / the

b are / precautions / ground / when / very / digging / the / Taking / workers / special / is / important / below

c backacter / foundation / can / enough / make / trenches / One / use / deep / to / the / a /

d site / ground / build / below / the / excavated / be / To / must / foundations / the

e top / site / landscaping / be / not / The / for / from / cleared / if / soil / used / away / should / the

3. Mark these sentences as true (T) or false (F), explain your choice, translate them into Russian:

a The top soil removal is usually done by apprentices on the site.

b Normally 500 mm of top soil should be removed unless you don’t have to clear the site from tree roots.

c Excavations are done by hand or with mechanical equipment.

d Subsoil should be strong enough to support the oversite concrete.

e The holes created by excavating roots in the topsoil must be backfilled with soil.

4. Fill the gaps with the necessary words, translate the sentences into Russian, there is one extra word:

loose, deep, doubt, columns, line, building inspector, piles, preferable, augers, sides, enough

a Circular concrete … formed in the holes in the ground are called short-bored … .

b Mechanical … mounted on machines are used for … piles .

c The … may check if the subsoil is strong … after the excavation is completed.

d … soil is more … for building a short-bored piled foundation.

e The … of the pit need support if there is any … about their stability.

5. Answer the following questions:

a What are the contractor’s sources of information about the excavation?

b What types of excavations do the workers carry out on small building sites?

c What safety measures should be taken while digging an excavation?

d Why should the top soil be removed?

e What are the ways of removing the top soil?

f Describe the process of excavating pits for columns and piers.

g Describe the process of excavating trenches for strip foundations.

6. Give a summary of the fragment.