- •Contents
- •Lesson 1 Text a
- •Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary:
- •Text b Abu Dhabi Discovery
- •Lesson 2 Text a
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary:
- •Text b Who Were the Hurrians?
- •Lesson 3
- •Mesopotamian Civilization
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary:
- •Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary:
- •Text b Digging in the Land of Magan
- •Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary:
- •Text b Laws of Babylon
- •Lesson 6 Text a Egyptian Civilization
- •Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary:
- •Text b Egyptian Religion
- •Lesson 7 Text a The Akkadian Kingdom
- •Text b Sargon of Akkad Legendary King of Mesopotamia
- •Dark Ages and Greek Renaissance
- •Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary:
- •Text b The Myceneans
- •Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary:
- •Text b Polis (City-State)
- •Text b Stoicism
- •Lesson 11 Text a Early Roman Civilization, 753-509bc
- •Text b The Roman Empire
- •Lesson 12 Text a Augustus Caesar and the Pax Romana
- •Text b Gladiators
- •Lesson 13 Text a The Decline and Fall of Rome
- •Express the main ideas of the text in 5 sentences.
- •Give a written translation of the text. Texts for additional reading Mesopotamia
- •Ancient Egypt
- •Hebrew Civilization
- •Athenian Democracy
- •The Persian Invasion of Greece
- •Roman Religion
- •Marcus Aurelius
- •The principle of heredity in the Roman Empire
Text b Abu Dhabi Discovery
. Before reading the text, answer the questions:
What remains of human culture may help archaeologists learn more about distant past?
Which of these remains are better preserved?
Read the following text quickly without a dictionary and find out the following information:
the type of the artifact found
the age of the discovery
the way it looked like
the place where it was found
other things that archaeologists found during the digs
A pottery vessel discovered at the oldest, best-preserved Neolithic village in eastern Arabia may be evidence of early trade across the Persian Gulf between southern Mesopotamia and an island community off the coast of the United Arab Emirates.
Found on the island of Marawah near the UAE capital Abu Dhabi, the 7,000-year-old pottery vessel has a pale-green surface and is painted with black geometric lines and chevrons--characteristics of pottery from Tell Al-Ubaid in southern Iraq, the heart of Mesopotamia. The design is also similar to that found on pottery made in the Susiana region of southern Iran during the fifth millennium B.C. Archaeologists suggest the presence of the pottery indicates trade at a surprisingly early time between peoples on the Gulf.
The vessel was discovered in the remains of a four-room building erected in phases between 7000 and 6500 B.C. So far, archaeologists have only excavated one of the rooms, in which they have also unearthed the oldest human remains ever found in the region. The person had been buried just inside the threshold, making it likely the building hadn't been in regular use by the time of the burial--anyone entering would have literally tripped over the remains. In fact, at one point someone may indeed have stumbled over them--the bones were damaged and scattered, the feet found several yards away from the rest of the body. Among the most beautiful artifacts found so far, according to the archaeologists, were delicate buttons made of pearl oyster shells.
the Archaeological Institute of America
Vol. 57 № 5, September/October 2004
Ex. 1. Use the context of the article to work out the meaning of these words:
vessel
evidence
chevrons
the Gulf
to trip / stumble over smth
to be scattered
Ex. 2. Give a short summary of the article in 4-5 sentences.
Lesson 2 Text a
Ancient Western Asia. Before Civilization
Answer the following questions:
What were the main occupations of the people of ancient civilizations?
Why would they move from one place to another?
What were the first achievements of early civilizations?
Give Russian equivalents to these countries’ names:
Syria ['si(ə)riə]
Lebanon ['lebənən]
Israel ['izreil]
Jordan ['dʒɔ:dn]
Turkey ['tɜ:kɪ]
Iraq [i'rɑ:k]
Iran [i'rɑ:n]
Study the pronunciation of the following proper names:
Cyprus ['saiprəs] - Кипр
Zagros Mountains ['zægrɑs] – Загрос (горная система в Иране)
Jericho ['dʒerɪkəu] – Иерихон (город в Палестине, на Западном берегу реки Иордан)
Tassili-n-Ajjer ['tæslin ə'dʒɜ:] - Тассилин Аджер
Tigris [′taigris] – р. Тигр
Euphrates [ju:′freiti:z] – р. Евфрат
Guess the meaning of the following words:
domestication, [də‚mesti′kei∫(ə)n], n
era, [′iərə], n
exploit, [ik′splɔit], [ek′splɔit], v
fresco, [′freskəu], n
infanticide, [in′fæntisaid], n
resident, [′rezid(ə)nt], n
Study the following words and expressions:
ancestor, n [′ænsəstə] - прародитель, предок
barley, n [′bɑ:li] – ячмень
chariot, n [′t∫æriət] - колесница
clay, n [klei] – глина
game, n [geim] – дичь
grain, n [grein] - зерно; хлебные злаки
harvester, n [′hɑ:vistə] - жнец
herd, n [hɜ:d] – стадо, гурт; v - пасти стадо
hut, n [hʌt] – хижина, шалаш, барак
inhabit, v [in′hæbit] – жить, обитать; населять, заселять
inhabitable, adj [in′hæbitəbl] – пригодный для жилья
inhabitant, n [in′hæbit(ə)nt] – житель, обитатель (syn. – resident)
lentil, n [′lent(ə)l] - чечевица
rudimentary, adj [‚ru:di′mentari] - элементарный
sanctuary, n [′sæŋ(k)t∫uəri]- святилище, алтарь
skull, n [skʌl] - череп
warfare, n [′wɔ:fεə] – война, военный действия
worship, n [′wɜ:∫ip] – поклонение, почитание; v – поклоняться, почитать, боготворить
ancestor worship – культ предков
bonds of kinship [′bɔndz əf ′kin∫ip] – узы родства
horse-drawn chariot [′hɔ:sˏdrɔ:n] – колесница запряженная лошадью
infant mortality [′infənt mɔ:′tæləti] – детская смертность
life expectancy [lɑif ik′spekt(ə)n(t)si] – средняя продолжительность жизни
permanent settlement [′pə:m(ə)nənt ′setlmənt] – постоянное поселение, колония
religious rites [ri′lidʒəs raits] – религиозные обряды, ритуалы, церемонии
to spell disaster [spel di′zɑ:stə] – сулить несчастье, беду
tool kit [′tu:l kit] – набор инструментов, орудий труда
trade patterns [′treid ′pæt(ə)nz] – торговые модели