Workshop on lecture 3 the classification of speech sounds The English Consonants

Talking Points

1. What are the consonants?

2. What are the principles of consonant classification?

3. Classification of consonants according to the work of the vocal cords and the force of exhalation?

4. Classification of consonants according to the active organ of speech and the place of obstruction?

5. Classification of consonants according to the manner of noise production and the type of obstruction?

6. Classification of consonants according to the position of the soft palate?

7. Classification of consonants according to the

How does the power, vibrator, resonator, obstructer mechanisms work?

4. What are articulatory differences between vowel, consonants and sonorants?

5. What are the four main principles of consonant classification?

6. What are the principal differences in the articulation bases of the English and Ukrainian consonants?

7. What are the basic differences in the articulation bases of the English and Ukrainian consonants?

Description of principal consonant variants Occlusive Noise Consonant Phonemes (Plosives) /p, b, t, d, k, g/.

Exercises

1. Transcribe the words and read them. Observe the degree of aspiration: (a) the strongest, (b) less strong, (c) practically no aspiration.

(a) keep, pieces, teachers, people, purpose, curtain, turned, curly, car, courts, parts, pause, take, time, ties, tears, cold, total, care, peering;

(b) till, kissed, tin, pity, penny, tell, tennis, Pendleton, campus, Cambrian, taxi, put, took, cock, currents, colour, pumped, republic, covered, tons, possible, cost, college, toss;

(c) spent, stay, stone, study, stick, started, splendid, experience, extensively, basket, cleaning, explain, place, plan, plain, creek, crept, crop, platform, act, kept, 1ooked.

2. Transcribe these words and read them. Avoid palatalization of consonants before front, and mixed vowels.

/p/ purse, pain, pallid; /t/ temporal, turn, term; /k/ cavity, kernel, chemical; /b/ best, benefactor, bone; /d/ dig, damage, danger; /g/ gold, gimlet.

/p/ pitch, pill, peril; /t/ ticket, team, tenacious; /k/ kidnap, kiss, cap; /b/ burn, bill, bail; /d/ damp, day, deal; /g/ gibbon, gallop, gad-fly.

/p/ pedestrian,, pure, parity; /t/ sixteen, steamer, tempo; /k/ keen, basket, coast; /b/ bent, beat, billet; /d/ dignity, daze, dazzle; /g/ geese, giddy, guilt;

/p/ pigeon, piece, penny; /t/ tan, test, tempest; /k/ kettle, camel, pancake; /b/ belch, bigotry, berth; /d/ dentist, disperse, idea; /g/ geyser, gift, gander.

/p/ parody, post, posy; /t/ terrible, tune, steak; /k/ cat, caste, cable; /b/ bin, boast, beef; /d/ decent, dispirit, debt; /g/ gear, game, gallon;

/p/ peel, pale, person; /t/ teeth, tow, toad; /k/ cave, keyboard, cold; /b/ bestir, berry, bereft; /d/ indignant, dill, duty; /g/ gurgle, goal, goad.

/p/ peak, peach, panel, pamphlet; /t/ timber, tame, tale, tent; /k/ keynote, camp, kitchen; /b/ bend, bet, bestow; /d/ defend, dean, deed; /g / gate, gash, girth.

/p/ purple, pet, pacify, packet, pea; /t/ tamper, teacher, toad, temper; /k/ comb, can, keep, cattle; /b/ beguile, belly, below; /d/ dam, diligent, don’t; /g/ gibber, goat, gain.

3. Transcribe these words. Say how the /p, t, k; b, d, q/ Sounds are represented in spelling. Point out the letters which represent the mute sounds /p, t, k; b, d, g/.

happy, hiccough, cupboard, pneumonia, lamb, plumber, bomb, Thomas, Christmas, listen, whistle, bouquet, handkerchief, Windsor, chemist, anchor, banquet, except, muscle, ghost, gnaw, sign, tongue, diaphragm, sigh, plough, eight.