4. Think of the benefit and harm of these or other inventions widely applied in today’s life. Put your results into the table “Benefit/Harm”

5. Take the Quiz. This test will only be scored correctly if you answer each one of the questions.

Scoring:

0 points Does Not Apply

1 point Rarely

2 points Occasionally

3 points Frequently

4 points Often

5 points Always

1. How often do you find that you stay online longer than you intended?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

2. How often do you neglect household chores to spend more time online?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

3. How often do you prefer the excitement of the internet to intimacy with your partner?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

4. How often do you form new relationships with fellow online users?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

5. How often do others in your life complain to you about the amount of time you spend online?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

6. How often do your grades or school work suffer because of the amount of time you spend online?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

7. How often do you check your email before something else that you need to do?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

8. How often does your job performance or productivity suffer because of the internet?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

9. How often do you become defensive or secretive when anyone asks you what you do online?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

10. How often do you block out disturbing thoughts about your life with soothing thoughts of the internet?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

11. How often do you find yourself anticipating when you will go online again?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

12. How often do you fear that life without the internet would be boring, empty, and joyless?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

13. How often do you snap, yell, or act annoyed if someone bothers you while you are online?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

14. How often do you lose sleep due to late-night log-ins?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

15. How often do you feel preoccupied with the Internet when offline, or fantasize about being online?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

16. How often do you find yourself saying “just a few more minutes” when online?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

17. How often do you try to cut down the amount of time you spend online and fail?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

18. How often do you try to hide how long you’ve been online?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

19. How often do you choose to spend more time online over going out with others?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

20. How often do you feel depressed, moody, or nervous when you are offline, which goes away once you are back online?

1. rarely

2. occasionally

3. frequently

4. often

5. always

6. does not apply

The higher your score, the more impact internet usage may be having on your life. Very high scores (above 80) indicate that internet usage is causing significant problems in your life, and you may benefit from evaluating the impact of the internet on your life and addressing the problems directly caused by your internet usage.

Screening test scoring ranges:

0 to 19, Below Average Range

20 to 49, Average Range

50 to 79, Above Average

80 to 100, Significantly Above Average!!!

UNIT 11. COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT

Text 1. Role and contribution of the cooperative movement in today’s world

Active vocabulary to remember

contribution entrepreneurial needs profit for the sake of satisfaction sustainability creation employment purchase beneficiaries daily necessities mutualisation family dwelling distribution establishment environment impressive percentage provision integrated relation identification consumer saving-and-credit cooperative stakeholder consumption ordinary comparable competitiveness to reinforce dimension capacity reinvests expansion precious to evaluate solidarity notably developing countries transition recent forthcoming approval strengthening attempt conscious value expertise

вклад, значение предпринимательский нужды, потребности выгода, доход, польза ради чего-л. удовлетворение устойчивость; устойчивое развитие создание занятость покупка, приобретение лицо, в интересах которого осуществляется доверительная собственность; бенефициарий предметы первой необходимости мутуализация (выгодное сотрудничество) место жительства отдельной семьи распределение учреждение, организация окружение, окружающая среда впечатляющий процентное соотношение обеспечение интегрированный, включенный отношение определение, идентификация потребитель сберегательный и кредитный кооператив заинтересованное лицо потребление обычный, простой сравнимый конкурентоспособность укреплять; усиливать размер; объём; возможность, способность реинвестировать расширение, экспансия ценный оценивать солидарность, единение, общность заметно; особенно; а именно; то есть развивающиеся страны переходное состояние недавний грядущий одобрение, поддержка укрепление, усиление попытка осознанный ценность экспертиза, проверка

The main features of the contribution of co-operatives in the world are as follows:

1. We find in the world no other entrepreneurial system having attained such scales and such strong economic sustainability (e.g. almost 7% of Italy's GDP, far ahead of Italy's largest enterprises) while not being motivated by profit for the sake of profit, but invested and democratically participated by the human communities themselves for the satisfaction of their socio-economic needs.

2. This system deals with the most fundamental socio-economic needs of human communities (creation of local economic activities and therefore employment creation, purchase of inputs and marketing of agricultural produce, consumption of daily necessities, mutualisation of savings, construction of family dwellings, distribution of rural electricity, establishment of schools, launching of social and health services to families, disadvantaged groups and local communities, mutualisation of SMEs, promotion of the environment etc.).

3. It covers an impressive part of the world's human communities (750 million people and their families, i.e. around 40% of mankind).

4. It often covers an important percentage of the satisfaction of these communities' needs (e.g. more than 30% of French agriculture, one of the main players within the EU banking sector, the first place in the provision of social services in Italy, one of the first places in the creation of structures for environmental management in the EU, the most important integrated health system in Brazil, one of the main systems of electrical distribution in the US etc.).

5. This system associates its members (and their families) democratically, according to the type of functional relation between those members and the co-operative, thus increasing considerably the sustainability of the latter thanks to the identification of its actors with its objectives (for example, the consumers in consumers' co-operatives, the savers in saving-and-credit co-operatives, the workers in worker co-operatives, the inhabitants in housing co-operatives etc.). More and more multi-stakeholders' group integrate in their midst members of different types (e.g. workers and beneficiaries of social services in Italian or Swedish social co-operatives), opening an important potential of integration of the different co-operative actors.

6. Thanks to its integrated enterprise systems, it is the only economic system belonging to ordinary people that is able to provide them with business scales comparable to large enterprises and therefore to ensure a comparable degree of competitiveness and sustainability. Furthermore, these enterprise systems reinforce a "meso-level" dimension to socio-economic development, thus improving the enterprises' co-ordination capacity and the sharing of resources, information and knowledge (e.g. R&D, marketing, training, consulting, specialisation in production etc.).

7. The co-operative system reinvests continuously in its own expansion, i.e., in the expansion of the satisfaction of the basic socio-economic needs of human communities.

8. Owing to its democratic and participative system, its contribution to socio-economic needs and local development, its entrepreneurial sustainability, and the fact that profit for the sake of profits is not its engine, the co-operative movement plays an important role in the development of civil society and peace. In this sense, co-operation represents an important factor of peace in the world, a very precious contribution though impossible to evaluate with figures.

9. Through its promotion of solidarity, the co-operative system also contains an important component of international solidarity, notably towards developing countries and economies in transition, which has already begun to be put in practice over the last decades, through the launching of a series of international development projects.

10. Through its emphasis on trans-national co-operation (reinforced by recent ICA strategic statements, the forthcoming approval of the European Co-operative Society, the strengthening of co-operative regional organisations such as CECOP in Europe and the recent regionalisation of ICA structures), the co-operative movement, through its organisations, has become an active player on the international arena, within the various regional integration attempts (EU, Mercosur, etc.) as well as between continents. Always conscious of its values and role in society, the co-operative movement carries this work through its international actions and development programmes, sharing the co-operatives' expertise, models and best practice.