- •Contents
- •The Future-In-The-Past Tense……………………………………………………………..45 the present indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Indefinite.
- •1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.
- •9. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of time after conjunctions when
- •10. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of condition after conjunctions if
- •In case
- •11. To denote future actions in adverbial clauses of concession after conjunctions
- •What do we do next?
- •The present continuous tense
- •III. The Present Continuous Tense is used to denote:
- •Actions or events which are in progress at the moment of speaking. To emphasize this, we often use adverbials like now, at the moment, just, etc.:
- •6. For a frequently repeated action, usually when the frequency annoys the speaker or
- •7. For an action which appears to be continuous:
- •8. To describe current trends:
- •Verbs not normally used in the continuous tenses
- •VII. Verbs denoting effect or influence: astonish, impress, please, satisfy, surprise. Feel, look, smell and taste used in the continuous forms
- •2. Look
- •3. Smell
- •4.Taste
- •See and hear used in the continuous forms
- •Think, assume and expect used in the continuous forms
- •The past indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Past Indefinite.
- •Verbs ending in -e add -d only:
- •3. The contracted negative forms are:
- •4. The negative-interrogative forms are:
- •Irregular verbs: form
- •If the period is over or reference is made to a particular past point of time within that
- •2. In narrations to express a succession of action of past actions.
- •3. To express recurrent actions. It is generally supported by the use of adverbial modifiers
- •4. To express the immediate past. We can sometimes use the simple past without a time
- •6. To express permanent actions which indicate continuous, uninterrupted processes in the past, giving a general characteristic of the person or thing denoted by the subject.
- •The past continuous tense
- •2. The Past Continuous is used to express an action going on at a given period of time in the past.
- •The future indefinite (simple) tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Indefinite Tense
- •1. The Future Indefinite is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs shall/will
- •3. To denote future habitual actions which we assume will take place.
- •4. In sentences containing clauses of condition, time and sometimes purpose
- •The future continuous tense
- •The present perfect tense
- •III. The use of the Present Perfect
- •Have you been to Denmark?
- •Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital?
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •The past perfect tense
- •Had he not worked?
- •Hadn’t you worked?
- •The Squire was purple with anger before his son had done speaking.
- •With verbs not admitting of the Continuous form:
- •In negative sentences:
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Had he not been working?
- •Hadn’t you been working?
- •III. The use of the Past Perfect Continuous
- •The future perfect tense
- •I. The formation of thePerfect Continuous Tense
- •Will he not have worked?
- •Shan’t we have worked?
- •III. The use of the Future Perfect
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •I. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •The Future Perfect Continuous denotes an action begun before a definite moment in the future and continued into that future moment;
- •The future-indefinite-in-the-past
- •I. The formation of the Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Shouldn’t I work/
- •III. The use of the Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past.
- •The future-continuous-in-the-past
- •I. The formation of the Future-Continuous-in-the-Past
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •I. The formation of the Future-Continuous-in-the-Past
- •I. The formation of the Future-Perfect-in-the-Past
- •II. The contracted affirmative forms are:
- •Should I not have been working?
- •Wouldn’t he have been working?
- •III. The use of the Future-Perfect-Continuous-in-the-Past
- •List of irregular verbs
- •Appendix
- •I. Some spelling rules
- •I. Doubling the final consonant.
- •II. Mute Final e.
- •III. Final -y and Its Modifications.
3. To denote future habitual actions which we assume will take place.
Spring will come again.
Other pupils will sit at my desk.
4. In sentences containing clauses of condition, time and sometimes purpose
If I drop this glass it will break.
When it gets warmer the snow will start to melt.
I am putting this letter on top of the pile so that he’ll read it first.
NB! In if-clause or time clause we don’t use the future indefinite even when the meaning is future
It will get warmer soon but when it gets warmer…
5. a succession of actions in the future
I shall wait in the next room and come back when she's gone. We'll
just talk about the weather and the crops for a few minutes and
then we'll have dinner.
6. decisions made at the moment of speaking
All right,I shall see you at 8.
7. in newspapers and newsbroadcasts,for formal announcements of future plans and for weather forecasts
THE PRESIDENT WILL OPEN A NEW AIRPORT TODAY.
The fog will persist in all areas.
8. in requests
Will you do me a favour?
9. in firm intentions, promises
I shall love you for ever.
10. in threats
I won’t speak to you ever again.
11. in suggestions
Shall I go for a work?
Shall I start reading?
12. in asking for advice
What shall I say if he calls?
The future continuous tense
I. The formation of the Future Continuous.
The Future Continuous is formed by means of the Future Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle I of the notional verb.
In the interrogative form the first auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.
In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the first auxiliary verb.
Affirmative Interrogative Negative
I shall (will) be working Shall I be working ? I shall not be working
He will be working Will he be working ? He will not be working
She will be working Will she be working ? She will not be working
We shall be working Shall we be working ? We shall not be working You will be working Will you be working ? You will not be working
They will be working Will they be working ? They will not be working
3. The contracted negative forms are:
I`ll be working
He`ll be working
They `ll be working
The contracted negative forms are:
I shan`t be working
He won`t be working
4. The negative-interrogative forms are:
Shall I not be working? Will he not be working?
Shan`t I be working? Won`t he be working?
II. The use of the Future Continuous.
1. The Future Continuous is used to denote an action which will be going on at a definite moment in the future.
I wonder whether we shall ever arrive at a decision. I am sure the next time you call we shall still be wavering.
This time tomorrow I’ll be skiing.
Good luck with the exam. We’ll be thinking of you.
The definite moment is indicated either by another future action expressed by a verb in the Present Indefinite or by an adverbial phrase.
I shall already be working when you return.
At 12 o’clock I shall still be working.
The definite moment is often not expressed, but is understood from the situation.
I am sure you won’t be able to speak to him, he will be working.
2. The Future Continuous is very often used in modern English in the same meaning as the Future Indefinite, i. e. to denote a future action.
But my dear Ann Veronica, you will be getting into debt.
Give my love to Lady Mont, shan’t be seeing her again.
If you don’t take care, he’ll be getting transferred to China and marrying a purser’s daughter.
3. To talk about things which are already planned or decided
I shall be going to the shop later.Do you want me to get anything?
In this meaning it is similar to the Present Continuous
I am going to the shop later.
4. To ask about people’s plans, especially when we want something or want someone to do something
-Will you be using your car this evening?
-No, you can take it.