- •Chapter II mechanical tools
- •Chipping metal and chipping tools
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Retell the text giving answers to the following questions:
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Supply the missing words:
- •III. Translate the following sentences into English using the infinitive instead of the attributive clauses:
- •IV. Make up questions to which the italicized words are the answers:
- •V. Giving the answers to the following questions describe the principle of operation of pliers, bench-shears, and alligator shears and pipe-cutter shown in Figs 4, 5, 7, and 8:
- •Filing and filing tools
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Retell the text giving answers to the following questions:
- •III. Supply antonyms for the following words:
- •IV. Give the derivatives from the following words and translate them into Russian:
- •V. Change the following sentences using the clauses instead of participle phrases and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •VI. Make up questions to which the italicized words are the answers:
- •VII. Giving answers to the following questions describe Fig. 9:
- •Mechanical tools
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Measuring tools and devices
- •II. Translate the following groups of words, paying attention to the meaning of suffixes:
- •III. Supply synonyms for the following words:
- •V. Translate the following sentences observing different meanings of the words in italics:
- •VI. (a) Translate the following text using a dictionary:
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English using different ways of expressing obligation:
- •VIII. Give different meanings of the words, give some examples of their use.
- •IX. Make up questions to which the italicized words are the answers:
- •X. (a) Read and translate the following text without using a dictionary:
- •7. Drills and rilling
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Retell the text giving answers to the following questions:
- •III. Form adverbs from the following adjectives:
- •IV. Underline the suffixes and prefixes and translate into Russian the following groups of words of the same stem:
- •V. Supply the missing words:
- •VI. Connect the following sentences using the conjunction either... Or:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English using the past participle instead of the attributive clauses:
- •VIII. Analyse and translate the following sentences:
- •IX. Describe Fig. 22 orally using the following words and word combinations:
- •8. Threading tools
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Retell the text giving answers to the following questions:
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Retell the text giving answers to the following questions:
- •VII. Connect the following sentences using participle constructions and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •VIII. Giving answers to the following questions describe the construction and principle of operation of the centre shown in Fig. 26:
- •IX. Describe the construction of the running centre shown in Fig. 27.
- •10. Holding work in a chuck
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Giving answers to the following questions describe the jaw chuck shown in Fig. 28 and its principle of operation:
- •VIII. Using the following words and word combinations describe the construction and principle of operation of the concentric chuck shown in Fig. 29:
- •IX. Describe the construction and principle of operation of the contracting chuck shown in Fig. 30.
- •11. Holding work in a vice
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents of:
- •IV. Underline the suffixes and prefixes and translate into Russian the following words:
- •V. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to different meanings of should and would:
- •VI. Translate into English:
- •VII. (a) Read and translate the text without using a dictionary:
- •VII. Using the following words and word combinations describe the principle of operation of the swivel vices shown in Fig. 31:
III. Form adverbs from the following adjectives:
proper, cylindrical, certain, good, wide, correct, equal
IV. Underline the suffixes and prefixes and translate into Russian the following groups of words of the same stem:
to desire, desirable, undesirable;
cylinder, cylindrical, cylindrically;
to straighten, straight;
to grind, ground, re-ground;
equal, equality, equalization, to equalize, equalizer, unequal, unequalled
V. Supply the missing words:
1. In drilling h... in metal, heavy pressure must be applied at the drill p… . 2. Spiral f... are found on most drills. 3. The c... angle at the outer corner of the l... should be about 12°. 4. The cutting edges of t... d... have angles of top rake and clearance the same as any other c... t... have. 5. The body of metal between the flutes forms what is called the w... . 6. The drills are held in place by their t... shanks or by gripping straight-s... drills in a c... .
VI. Connect the following sentences using the conjunction either... Or:
Example: The body of the twist drill has two spiral grooves.
The body of the twist drill has flutes cut on its surface.
The body of the twist drill has either two spiral grooves or flutes cut on its surface.
1. The-twist drill is formed by twisting grooves in a flat piece of steel. The twist drill is formed by milling a cylindrical piece of steel. 2. The grooves serve to form cutting edges of the drill. The grooves serve to remove the chips formed in the process of drilling. 4. The drill flutes serve to lubricate the drill. The drill flutes serve to remove chips from a hole being drilled. 5. The work to be drilled should be clamped in a vice. The work to be drilled should be clamped in a chuck. 6. The web of a drill penetrates into thе material being cut. The web of a drill rubs the material.
VII. Translate the following sentences into English using the past participle instead of the attributive clauses:
Example: Часть сверла, которая называется режущей частью, всегда
затачивается под определенным углом резания.
The part of the drill called a "drill point" is always ground to a certain
cutting angle.
1. Операция, которая выполняется при помощи инструмента, называемого «сверлом», называется «сверлением». 2. Стружки, которые образуются при сверлении, удаляются по канавкам сверла. 3. Режущие кромки сверла, которые используются для сверления, должны затачиваться под определенным углом. 4. Инструмент, который используется для сверления, называется «сверлильным сверлом». 5. Одна из кромок сверла, которая называется «перемычкой», не режет металл.
VIII. Analyse and translate the following sentences:
1. Different kinds of drills are used in drilling, such as: a single-lipped twist drill, normally less than 1" (inch) in diameter. 2. It is formed of a tubular shank which is twisted of seamless tubing to make a single flute. 3. Coolant is carried through the hollow shank, through a small hole in the drill tip, and chips are washed out through the single flute. 4. A four-lipped hollow core drill is designed to carry chips out through a hollow drill shank. 5. This tool is used for enlarging holes and not for drilling solid metal. 6. A two-lipped hollow type deep drill normally is used in drilling solid metal holes ranging from 1" to 3" in diameter and the tip is attached to a tubular steel shank. 7. Coolant carries chips through the flute into the centre of the drill and then out through the hollow shank. 8. Drills of the same design are also used for holes larger than 3". 9. These are provided with replaceable blades in the tip.