4. A comprehensive study on the preparation and properties of colloidal gold began in the middle of the 19^th century, didn’t it?

5. Who prepared colloidal dispersion of gold in 1857?

6. What has been the reason of the current fever of nanotechnology?

7. A number of challenges in transistor design have already arisen from materials limitations

and device physics, haven’t they?

1. Doctors widely use the means of nanotechnology, don’t they?

2. What is one of the attractive applications in nanomedicine?

3. What way can people use nanobots in medicine?

4. May materials in nanometer scale exhibit unique physical properties?

5. Au nanoparticles can function as carrier vehicles to accommodate multiple functionalities,

can't they?

Ex.8. Retell the text “Emergence of Nanotechnologies” in 10-12 sentences. Ex.9 Pronounce the words and word combinations correctly:

to store, to process, to retrieve, to display, automated, manipulation, computer, digital, software, hardware, to query, file-sand, enthusiastic, amateur, network, dumb, calculation, desktop, laptop, mainframe, notebook, server, terminal, workstation, central processing unit, dot matrix printer, expansion card, inkjet printer, keyboard, laser printer, monitor, mouse, random access memory, scanner, screen, storage device, applet, application software, browser, database software, email software, graphics software, operating system, search engine, spreadsheet, word- processing, analogue, origin.

Ex.10. Translate the text into Russian, paying special attention to the italicized words

TEXT

Information technologies (it)

Information systems collect, organize, store, process, retrieve and display information in different formats (text, video, and voice). Information technology allows very fast automated manipulation of digital data and their transformation from and to analogue,

Two basic technologies have been responsible for the development of the necessary hardware: integrated circuits and digital communications, Parallel advances have been made in software, particularly easy-to-use software products to create, maintain, manipulate, and query file-sand records. Many of these software programs are designed for use both by computer professionals and enthusiastic amateurs. Another important factor is the development of computer networks (- 6).

As technology develops, new models and types of computer appear. At the heart of all computers is the hardware. However, without software, computers are just dumb boxes, unable to perform any calculations or operations.

There are a number of models and types of computers. These are desktop, laptop, mainframe, notebook, server, terminal and workstation.

Computer hardware includes: central processing unit (CPU), dot matrix printer, expansion card, inkjet printer, keyboard, laser printer, monitor, mouse, random access memory (RAM), scanner, screen, storage devices.

Computer software includes: applet, application software, browser, database software, email software, graphics software, operating system, search engine, spreadsheet, word- processing.

The area of IT is developing very quickly. And the language to describe hardware, software and applications is also evolving at a high speed. As a result new noun+noun combinations often change to single nouns. For example, lap top has changed into laptop, note book has changed into notebook, work station has changed into workstation, desk top has changed into desktop.

By the way, many words in the sphere of IT are of American origin. So their spelling differ from the British one: programme (BrE) —*■ program (AmE), analogue (BrE) —►analog (AmE).

Ex. 11. Translate the definitions into Russian. Find in the text terms defined by these definitions:

1. the part of a computer that controls all the parts of the system;

2. a machine that prints letters, numbers, etc. formed from very small dots;

3. a small device that is moved by hand across a surface to control the movement of the cursor on a computer screen;

4. a very small computer that you can carry with you and use anywhere;

5. using a system of receiving and sending information as a series of the numbers one and

zero, showing that an electronic signal is there or not there;

6. a printer that producers good quality printer material by means of a laser beam;

7. the main computer on which a computer program that controls or supplies information to

several computer connected in a network is run;

8. information that is stored by a computer;

9. a device for examining smth./recording smth. using beams of light sound or X-rays. It

stores the contents of documents on a computer; j) the set of keys for operating a computer;

k) a small computer that can work with a battery and be easily carried;

1) the machinery and electronic parts of a computer system; m) the programs, etc., used to operate a computer;

n) a piece of equipment usually consisting of a keyboard and a screen, that joins the user to a central computer system;

10. computer memory in which data can be changed or removed and can be looked at in any

order;

p) a computer with a keyboard, screen and a main processing unit that fits on a desk; q) a large powerful computer, usually the center of a network and shared by many users; r) the computer that is a part of a networked computer system;

s) a printer that uses very small jets to blow ink onto paper in order to form letters, numbers, etc.;

t) a screen that shows information from a computer;

u) a special program that lets you look at or read documents when you are on the Internet.

Ex. 12. Answer the following questions:

1. What formats for collecting, organizing, storing, processing, retrieving and displaying information do you know?

2. What are two basic technologies responsible for the development of the necessary hardware?

3. Is hardware or software at the heart of all computers?

4. What is the role of software in computers?

5. What devices does the computer hardware include?

6. Operating system and search engine are parts of computer hardware, aren’t they?

7. Does browser belong to hardware or software?

1. What is the main consequence of IT development reflected in English?

Ex. 13. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. Information systems collect, organize, store, process, retrieve and display information in the only format of text.

2. Integrated circuits and digital communications are responsible for the development of the necessary hardware.