- •1.Peculiarities of English rhythm. Stress group.
- •2.The influence of rhythm on word- stress.
- •3.The influence of rhythm on utterance-stress.
- •4.General analysis of speech melody. Pitch-level. Pitch-change.
- •5.Static and kinetic tones. Structure of the tune.
- •6.Rising tones, their meanings and usage.
- •7.Falling tones, their meanings and usage.
- •8.Falling-Rising tones, their meanings.
- •9.Rising-Falling tones
- •10.Classification of head Types. General Principles.
- •18.Classification of basic intonation patterns.
- •19.The Rising tone- pattern, it’s contours.
- •21.The meanings of the Falling-Rising Tone-Pattern
- •22.The meanings of the Rising- Falling Tone-Pattern
18.Classification of basic intonation patterns.
BIP- is a single tune functioning within an independent utterance.
Types of BIP: 1) Rising intonation pattern
2) Falling IP
3)Rising- Falling IP
4) Falling- Rising IP
IP=contour. The meanings of IP depends on:
The type of the sentence in which it’s used;
They form (Head+ Nucleus)
IP- contrasted to each other in form and meaning; They’re typical; They complete communicative unit.
I am a good girl. (Formal)
I am a good girl. (Emotional)
19.The Rising tone- pattern, it’s contours.
High Stepping Head + High Narrow Rise: (Statement)= questioning, asking for repetition. (G.Q.)= Asking for repetition, repeating the listener’s question (S.Q.)= repeating, surprise. (Imperative, exclamations)= questioning.
High SH+ Mid Wide Rise: (st,I, Exc) = questioning. (G, S.Q.)=
head- casual, light. With a Head= businesslike, formal.HSH+Wide Rise:
head- non-categoric, encouraging. +Head- very lively, friendly, warm. In echoes- surprise, disbelief. (G.Q.)=head:casual, light. + Head- interested, warm, frienfly (to children). (S.Q.)=head- puzzled. + Head- interested, warm, friendly. (I)= encouraging, requests. (E)= airy, bright, friendly.Low Head+ Low Narrow Rise: (S)=in monosyllabic words: encouraging. In longer utterances- perfunctory, casual, disapproving. (G.Q.)= very casual, disapproving, critical. (S.Q.)= the nuclear tone on the interrogative word- wondering, puzzled. Otherwise- very calm, disapproving. (I)= casual, reserved. (E)= calm, casual, acknowledgement.
20.The Falling tone- pattern, it’s contours. Falling contours all sound definite and complete.
High/Stepping Head + High/ Mid Wide Fall: (S)= +High head- light, lively, personal concern. +Step. H.- enthusiastic, assertive. (G.Q.)=
head– mild, surprise, agreement. +H.H- lively, light, suggesting a point for discussion. + SH- insistent, urgent, sceptical. (S.Q.)= +HH- brisk, businesslike, lively. + SH- considerate, concerned. +Nucleus on the interrogative word- insistent, interested. (I)= +HH-brisk, businesslike. + SH= insistent, urgent.(E)= light, airy, involved, a bit surprisedHigh Stepping Head+ Low Wide/ Narrow Rise: (S)=
head– calm, reserved, dispassionate. + Low NF- cool, grim, resentful. +Head- categoric, weighty, serious. (G.Q.)=head- + LH- sceptical, uninterested. +H/SH- serious, intense. (S.Q.)=head/+LH- calm, detached.+ LNF- unsympathetic, hostile. +nucleus on the interrogative word- insisted. (I)= calm, controlled. + High/ SH- very serious, strong. (E)=head- calm, reserved, self-posessed + H/SH- very strong, weighty.
21.The meanings of the Falling-Rising Tone-Pattern
Sliding/Falling Head + Fall-Rise Undivided: (S)= correcting, doubtful, warning, grudgingly admitting. (Questions)= astonished (in echoes), interested, surprised, contrast. (I)= in warnings= urgent, reproach, concern. In requests = polite, suggesting. (E)= cordial, warm, scornful, protesting.
High/Stepping Head+ Fall Rise Divided: (S)= contrast, regret, cordiality, apology, concern. (Q)= appealing, warmth, concern. (I)= polite, cordial, persuading. (In conversational formulas)= friendly, warmth, cordial. (E)= encouraging, protesting.