Hybrid trees

One can render Reed-Kellogg diagrams according to modern tree conventions. When one does so, the result is a hybrid dependency-constituency tree. The Reed-Kellogg diagrams above appear as the following trees:

A mixing of labeling conventions (i.e. category label vs. actual word) helps draw attention to the presence of both constituency and dependency. The S and VP in these trees mark the constituency relation and the words themselves mark the dependency relation. A major difference between these hybrid trees and the Reed-Kellogg diagrams, however, is that the hybrid trees encode actual word order, whereas the Reed-Kellogg diagrams are abstracting away from actual word order in order to focus more on function.