5. Recruitment. The letter of application. Cv.

When a company needs new employees, it can advertise the work in the newspaper.

People who are interested can apply for a job. The company will make a list of candidates who are invited for an interview.

The most important thing when interviewing a candidate is his character, his ability to react, his intelligence and his suitability for the position for which he is being interviewed. It is important that the person is well presented, is neat and tidy, and that he or she has a good manner, because that shows a lot about personality. If the candidate doesn’t give an impression of understanding one of those three times, then he gets marked down accordingly.

The major way a candidate goes wrong is by basically becoming a yes-man or a yes-woman and agreeing with everything you say.

The most important pieces of advice to the candidates are: first of all you should listen; secondly, you ask right questions; and, thirdly, you should create the right kind of relationship.

The letter of application normally contains three or more paragraphs in which you should:

• say where you learned about the job

• say why you are interested in the position

• show what you can contribute to the job

• indicate your willingness to attend an interview

To apply for a job you need to write a curriculum vitae (CV). Here are some advice on writing it properly.

At first you should give the general information about you: your name, address, telephone, date of birth and marital status.

In graph called “Education” you should list all schools and colleges you graduated from.

The next section should be filled with all the qualifications you have got with mentioning the year of getting each qualification.

The section “Experience” requires listing all the jobs you’d had before applying for this one. You’d better give more details about your last job.

It is also necessary to give other information such as your knowledge of foreign languages and other activities or interests.

6. Markets and monopolies. Markets. Competition. Monopoly.

In a market economy the actions of buyers and sellers set the prices of goods and services. There are two sides of the market. The supply, the quantity of a product which can be provided is the seller’s side of a market transaction. And the demand the quantity of a product consumers want, is the buyer’s side of a market.

In a perfect market there can be only one price for a given commodity: the lowest price which sellers will accept and the highest which consumers will pay.

Although in a perfect market competition is unrestricted and free but in real market may be only one seller, such situation is called a monopoly.

There are different kinds of monopolies. State planning and central control of the economy mean that a state government has the monopoly of important goods and services.

Natural monopoly arises when a country has control over major natural resources. Legal monopolies occur when the law of a country permits certain producers a full monopoly over the sale of their own products.

The sole trading opportunities or “cornering the market” is a situation when certain companies obtain complete control over particular commodities. It is illegal in many countries.

In the market systems, competition answers the basic questions of what, how, for whom and how much. Producers compete for the highest profit; consumers compete for the best goods and services at the lowest prices.

In a market economy three basic resources – land, labour and capital – are bought and sold for the best price. Producers are in competition with one another to hire the best workers for the lower wages. Workers compete with one another to get the best jobs at the highest wages.

Workers need to be able to learn new skills to remain competitive in the market.