11.Rheumatic Endocarditis

The main symptoms of the Rheumatic Endocarditic are general malaise, early fatigue on exertion, cardiac discomfort and palpitation, increase of body temperature to a subfebrile level. Usually the onset of the disease had been preceded by tonsillitis. The patient's pulse rate had become irregular and accelerated on physical exertion.

The blood analysis revealed moderate leucocytosis and an elevated ESR. The electrocardiogram showed the changes in the most important readings. There is as all systolic murmur to be heard at the heart apex.

The patient should follow a strict bad regimen at the in-patient department.

The physician should administer antibiotic therapy to eliminate the primary focus.

Adonis preparations and aspirin to control cardiovascular insufficiency.

The patient diet should be nourishing and containing many vitamins and should be limited in salt.

12.Botkin's disease, or the so-called epidemic or infectious hepatitis, is an acute viral disease affecting hepatic cells and bile ducts.

in 1880 the prominent Russian scientist S. Botkin having advanced the idea of an infectious origin of this disease, proved his suggestions by such facts as the involvement in this pathologic process not only of the liver but also of the nervous system, the kidneys, the enlargement of the spleen, etc.

But it was not before 1940 that the term "Botkin's disease" was introduced into medicine due to the efforts of the well-known Soviet physician M. Konchalovsky.

This disease more commonly affects children, adults as well as elderly persons suffering from it frequently too.

Botkin's disease is known to be due to a filterable virus present in the blood, liver and found in stool and urine. this it is revealed only by an electronic microscope,one. Being highly virulent virus survives in water, food, and on hands for days and weeks.

13.Cancer of the Stomach

Gastric carcinoma is a frequent form of cancer causing about 35-40% of all deaths from malignant tumours.

This disease is more common in men than in women. The highest incidence is noted at ages of 50 to 60.

The duration of gastric cancer from the appearance of its first manifestations to death is not longer than 1-2 years.

The aetiology of cancer is unknown.

According to certain data the use of too hot or too cold food, smoking and alcohol are considered to be responsible for the development of stomach carcinoma.

The clinical manifestations of gastric carcinoma vary with the stage of its development, location and spread through the lymphatic nodes and other inner organs.

The main symptoms of gastric carcinoma are known to be disturbance in gastric digestion, epigastric pains, loss of weight and sometimes vomiting of blood.

14.Immunity

Infectious diseases are known to be caused by the invasion and growth of microorganisms in the human body. Infection may result from direct contact with patients or from indirect one.

But the human organism is known to have a specific capacity of resistance against infection, which is called immunity, it being natural and artificial. Under various conditions it may be entirely lacking, it may be relative, rarely it may be absolute.

In the course of their growth in the body many pathogenic microorganisms produce virulent poisons or toxins, they causing the characteristic symptoms of a particular disease. To meet the infection the cells of the body produce a chemical antidote which is specific for this particular infection and is known as an antitoxin.