16. Stylistic value of structural syntactic units.

Supra-phrasal unit (SPU) is a larger unit than a sent; can be extracted from the context without losing its relative semantic independence. This cannot be said of the sent. Any utt. from a stylistic point of view will serve to denote a certain span of speech. (l-ge-in-action) in which we may observe coherence, interdep-nce of the elements, one definite idea, &, author’s pur­port - aim. is a carefully thought-out impact. Synt-cal units are connected to achieve the desired effect & it is often by the manner they are connected that the desired effect is secured. Epigrams are SPU from the point of view of stylistics. SPU may coincide with the paragraph (in poetry – stanza).

A para-ph is a graphical term used to name a group of sent-s marked off by indentation at the beginning & a break in the line at the end; means a distinct portion of a written discourse showing an internal unity. Marked by: intonation, pauses, semantic ties, etc. Para-ph structure is not always built on logical principles alone, as is generally the case in the st. of scientific prose. In the building of para-phs in newspaper style., psychological principles are taken into consideration. In the b-lets & publicistic styles is strongly affected by the purport of the author. The length of a para-ph normally varies from eight to twelve sent.s. The longer the para-ph is, the more difficult it is to fol­low the purport of the writer. In newspaper style, however, most para-phs consist of one/perhaps 2/3 sent.s. Principles: 1 general –particular / vice versa; 2 inductive/deductive; 3 cause - effect,/effect- cause; 4 on contrast /comparison. Para-ph aims either at facilitat­ing the process of apprehending or inducing a certain reaction on the part of the reader. This reaction is generally achieved by intentionally grouping the ideas to show their interdependence/interrelation. Function is aesth-co-cognitive & pragmatic. The para-ph in some styles, such as scientific, publ-c & some others, generally has a topic sent., Each SPU of sever­al combined into one para-ph may have its own topic sent./be a topic sent.

17. Sd based on dislocation of parts of the utterance.

The most spread synt-l device is styl-c inversion. It aims at a taching logical stress or additional emotional colouring to the utt-ce. The following patterns or styl-c inversion are most frequent.

1) The object is placed at the begin-g of the sent-ce. (capitan Miss Smith has…).

2) The attribute is placed after the word it modifies. This model is often used when there is more than one attribute. (Fingures weary and worn).

3) a) The predicative is placed before the subject. b) the predicative stands before the link-verb and both are placed before the subject. (A good generous prairie it was).

4. The adverbial modifier is placed at the beginning of the sentence. (Mrs Talks said it in).

5.Both modifier and predicate stand before the subject. (Down dropped the brush). These five models comprise the most common and recognized models of inversion. Inversion as a styl-c device is alw sense motivative and possesses a special phonetic design.

Sometimes one of the secondary parts of a sentence by some specific consideration of the writer is placed so that it seems some what independent of the word refers to. Such formally independent structures are called detached. They usu assume a greater degree of significance and are giving prominence by intonation. (Daila was dying. The moon rising).

A variant of detached construction is parenthesis. P- is a qualifying, explanatory or a positive word, phrase, clause or sent-ce which interrupts a synt-c constr-n and is indicated in writing by , , ( ) , -.