Tibialis posterior (m. Tibialis posterior/задняя большеберцовая мышца)

• Origin. From the back of the tibia and fibula.

• Insertion. To the tuberosity of the navicular and other tarsal bones.

• Actions. Plantar flexion and inversion of the foot.

• Nerve supply. Tibial nerve.

Flexor hallucis longus (m. flexor hallucis longus/длинный сгибатель большого пальца стопы)

• Origin. From the back of the fibula.

• Insertion. To the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe.

• Action. Flexion of the big toe.

• Nerve supply. Tibial nerve.

Flexor digitorum longus (m. flexor digitorum longus/длинный сгибатель пальцев)

• Origin. Fгоm the back of the tibia.

• Insertion. To the bases of the distal phalanges of the four lateral toes via the openings in the tendons of flexor digitorum brevis.

• Action. Flexion of the toes.

• Nerve supply. Tibial nerve.

Muscles of the foot

The dorsal muscles

Extensor digitorum brevis (m. extensor digitorum brevis/короткий разгибатель пальцев)

• Origin. From the upper surface of the calcaneus.

• Insertion. To the proximal phalanx of the big toe and to the extensor digitorum longus tendons of the next three toes.

• The medial belly passing obliquely to the great toe is also designated separately, the extensor hallucis brevis.

• Actions. Dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes.

• Nerve supply. Deep peroneal nerve.

The plantar group

The medial group

Abductor hallucis (m. abductor hallucis/мышца, отводящая большой палец стопы)

• Origin. From the calcaneal tuberosity.

• Insertion. To the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the big toe.

• Action. Abduction of the big toe.

• Nerve supply. Medial plantar nerve.

Flexor hallucis brevis (m. flexor hallucis brevis/короткий сгибатель большого пальца стопы)

• Origin. From the underside of the cuboid.

• Insertion. To the sides of the proximal phalanx of the big toe with a sesamoid bone in each tendon.

• Action. Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the big toe.

• Nerve supply. Medial plantar nerve.

Adductor hallucis (m. adductor hallucis/мышца, приводящая большой палец стопы)

• Origin. From the heads and from the bases of the metatarsals.

• Insertion. Into the lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the big. toe.

• Action. Adduction of the big toe.

• Nerve supply. Lateral plantar nerve.

Middle group

Flexor digitorum brevis (m. flexor digitorum brevis/короткий сгибатель пальцев)

• Origin. From the calcaneal tuberosity.

• Insertion. To the sides of the middle phalanges of the lateral four toes, its tendons being perforated by those of flexor digitorum longus.

• Action. Flexion of the toes.

• Nerve supply. Medial plantar nerve.

Flexor digitorum accessorius (m. flexor digitorum accesorius/добавочный сгибатель)

• Origin. From the undersurface of the calcaneus.

• Insertion. Into the side of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus.

• Action. Tenses the tendon of this muscle.

• Nerve supply. Lateral plantar nerve.

Lumbricals (mm. lumbricales/червеобразные мышцы)

• Origin. From the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.

• Insertion. To the dorsal extensor expansions.

• Actions. Assist the actions of the interossei.

• Nerve supply. First lumbrical by the medial and the others by the lateral plantar nerves.

Interossei (mm. interossei/межкостные мышцы):

Dorsal

• Origin. From adjacent sides of the metatarsals.

• Insertion. Into the dorsal extensor expansions and the sides of the proximal phalanges.

• Actions. Abduction of the toes: flexion of the metatarsophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints.

• Nerve supply. Lateral plantar nerve.