4) Inverted conditionals
Read the following sentences, Which of the versions in each group a) sounds more formal b) makes the event sound ore unlikely?
1 a) If you see a rhino, …
b) If you should see a rhino, …
c) Should you see a rhino, …
… run for your life
2 a) If we had realized the danger, …
b) Had we realized the danger, …
… we would never have gone there.
3 a) If you study the proposals carefully, …
b) If you were to study the proposals carefully, …
… you might notice some technical problems.
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5) Implied conditions
The following sentences illustrate other ways of expressing conditions. Underline the structures or expressions introducing the conditional clause, then rewrite the sentences using if.
Destroy the processes of nature, and you can expect untold damage to the world we inhabit.
Suppose we could see into the future, would that stock us changing our behaviour?
I’m prepared to go along with the idea, as long as you promise not to tell anyone.
But for this intervention, the situation would have got much worse.
Assuming that you are reasonably fit, you should be able to go on the walk.
You shouldn’t have any problems, provided you’ve got the instruction booklet.
I hope they take credit cards – otherwise I’ll have to find a bank.
Don’t move an inch, or I’ll shoot!
Without government action, unemployment will continue to rise.
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6) Use of English: Paper 3, Part 4
Complete the second sentence with three to eight words so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
1 if the traffic isn’t too heavy, we should get there in an hour. provided
It should ……………………………………… the traffic isn’t too heavy.
2 You can expect years of low-cost heating for your house if you invest in our solar powered system.
look
Invest in our new solar powered system ……………………………………… years of low-cost heating for your house.
3 If it hadn’t been for the bad weather, we’d have made a lot more money. profit
We’d have ……………………………………… it not been for the bad weather.
4 There might be trouble if you let anyone know that information. yourself
You’d better ……………………………………… there might be trouble.
5 If his friends hadn’t helped him, he’d never have managed. without
He’d never ……………………………………… his friends.
Listening
Paper 4, Part 1
1) Read the information and answer the questions below.
The WWF (World Wide Fund For Nature) and Greenpeace are well-known environmental campaign groups in the UK. The WWF was established as the World Widelife Fund in 1961 To raise funds from the public for conservation of particular species, for example the Giant Panda, and habitats. Greenpeace in an international environmental pressure group, operating a policy on non-violent direct action supported by scientific research. |
What similar environmental campaign groups exist in your country? What are their aims? What kind of activities are they involved in? Are you a member of such a group? Why/Why not?
2) You will hear four different extracts about the environment. There are two questions for each. Before you listen to each extract, look through the questions to get an idea of the focus of that extract. (In the exam, the extracts will be on different themes.)
Listen to each extract and choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you hear. Then listen again to complete and check your answers.
Extract One
You hear part of an interview with a member of an environmental group.
1 The speaker says that one of her group’s achievements has been to
A give out information.
B make companies more responsible.
C reduce levels of toxic waste.
2 The overall attitude of the speaker is
A positive.
B encouraging.
C patronising.
Extract Two
You hear two friends talking about different ways of protecting the environment.
3 What do the speakers disagree about?
A the importance of recycling
B public understanding of environmental problems.
C the effects of using public transport
4 What is the woman’s attitude toward saving fuel?
A It’s as effective as recycling.
B It has other advantages.
C It’s easy to do.
Extract Three
You hear part of a lecture about the effects of a green project in a developing country.
5 The speaker suggests that the project failed because
A the farmers depended too much on technology.
B the wrong type of crop was grown.
C the land was farmed too intensively.
6 What was the long-term effect of the irrigation project?
A Poor farmers suffered the most.
B Rice could no longer be grown.
C Rich farmers lost all their money.
Extract Four
You hear part of a television advertisement for a charity organization.
7 What does the advertisement ask people to do?
A Join a large organization.
B Give money regularly.
D Help the work of sponsors around the world.
8 The advertisement emphasizes how much
A the children are suffering.
B money is needed.
C effect sponsorship can have.