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Museums
1. Museums and galleries offer rich encounters with reality and objects from the past, and with possibilities for the future. The purpose of museums is to collect and preserve the results of human achievement and evidence of the natural world and to use these collections to enhance human knowledge and understanding.
2. The word museum, from a Greek term meaning “site of the Muses,” was used for the famous institution in Alexandria, Egypt, that was founded in the 3rd century BC. It was a kind of research institute, incorporating a great library. Although there were many collections of art and other precious objects in the ancient world, there were no museums in the modern sense of the word. The term today covers a very broad range of institutions. There are nearly 5,000 museums in the United States alone, about a quarter of the world's total.
3. Museology has been concerned with the problems of displaying collections. The collection's subject will often determine how it is presented. Animals may be grouped according to species or displayed within the type of environment they inhabit. This is called an ecological presentation. Artworks are often separated into such types as sculpture, painting, and photography and may be arranged within those categories in a historical sequence. They are isolated from one another so that the viewer is uninstructed. This aesthetic presentation places less emphasis on establishing the environment in which the work was created or used. The most complex historical presentation—the documentary type—is found in museums of natural history and of archaeology and also in period rooms and historic houses.
4. Museums form collections for a variety of reasons. A local historical society preserves evidence of a community's past. An art museum may reflect an individual collector's enthusiasms, like the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum of Boston, or it may be a living encyclopaedia of world art, like New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art. Botanical gardens and zoos sometimes preserve examples of plants and animals that no longer survive in the wild.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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The word museum is of Egyptian origin.
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Fashion design
1. Fashion design is the applied art dedicated to clothing and lifestyle accessories created within the cultural and social influences of a specific time. Fashion design differs from costume design due to its core product having a built in obsolescence usually of one to two seasons.
There are three main categories of fashion design: 2. Haute couture is a protected term which can only be officially used by companies that meet certain well-defined standards. A couture garment is made to order for an individual customer, and is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric, sewn with extreme attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. Look and fit take priority over the cost of materials and the time it takes to make.
Ready-to-wear clothes are a cross between haute couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive. Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as Fashion Week. This takes place on a city-wide basis and occurs twice per year.
3. Mass market caters for a wide range of customers, producing ready-to-wear clothes in large quantities and standard sizes. Cheap materials, creatively used, produce affordable fashion. Mass market designers generally adapt the trends set by the famous names in fashion. In order to save money and time, they use cheaper fabrics and simpler production techniques which can easily be done by machine. The end product can therefore be sold much more cheaply.
4. There are three main ways in which designers can work:
Freelance designers works for themselves. The garments bear the buyer's label.
In-house designers are employed full-time by one fashion company. Their designs are the property of that company, and cannot be sold to anyone else.
Fashion designers often set up their own companies and their designs are sold under their own label.
From Wikipedia
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Not all clothing could be considered as fashion design.