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2. Work in small groups. Summarize the issue presented in the background reading. Take notes to complete the following outline.

1.The issue (state in your own words).

2.Pros and cons of solutions to segregation in U.S. public education

Pros

Cons

a) Busing

b) Magnet schools

c) Voucher programs

Discussion

1.Has racial segregation been a problem in your country?

2.Study the proposals for integration in the United States presented in your notes from summarizing the issue. What are your reactions to these proposals?

Opinion 1

Listening

1.Listen to the commentary. Check the statement that summarizes the commentator’s viewpoint.

1. The African-American community is losing its identity through integration efforts.

2. The Brown v. Board of Education decision was a mistake.

3. New integration efforts must be made to ensure equal opportunity for all students.

2. Read the following questions and answers. Listen to the commentary again and circle the best answer. Then compare your answers with those of another student. Listen again if necessary.

1. What happened in 1954?

a. All racial segregation was ended in the United States.

b. American public schools were integrated.

c. The Supreme Court ruled out racial segregation.

2. Why isn’t it odd that there are no celebrations for this anniversary, according to

the commentator?

  1. There is a sense of weariness at court-imposed busing schemes.

  2. Because black children used to have to ride buses past all-white schools.

  3. Because integration has been successful.

3. Why was the Brown v. Board of Education decision necessary?

  1. It had to explain the doctrine of “separate but equal”

  2. The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision had never been written into law.

  3. The country had proclaimed itself a nation of equality.

4. What problem exists in the notion of integration?

a. It assumes that all black and white children must automatically integrate in schools.

b. It assumes that black children can’t learn well without the presence of white children.

c. It results in an inferior education for all children.

5. Why wasn’t integration so ideal for the black community?

a. It cost the black community so much money.

b. Segregation was never really outlawed in some schools.

c. The well-educated blacks left their communities without role models.

6. What happened to predominantly black neighborhoods as a result of integration?

a. They expanded into the suburbs.

b. More ghettos formed.

c. The pushers controlled them.

7. What did African-Americans give up as a result of the Brown v. Board of Education decision?

a. Equality among whites

b. A feeling of self-sufficiency

c. Special help from the government

8. According to Muhammed, what was wrong with the way in which integration was handled?

a. African-Americans allowed the government to lead integration efforts.

b. African-Americans never accepted European-Americans.

  1. African-Americans didn’t become part of the country’s mainstream.

3. Read the text of the commentary. Try to fill in the missing words in the text as you remember them. Use your knowledge of text structure, vocabulary, and grammar to help you. Then listen again to the commentary to check your answers, stopping the tape as you fill in the blanks. If you have different answers than the original text, check with your teacher to see if they are acceptable alternatives.

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