Multilingual Internet

As both Asian and European markets use the Internet more and more to conduct business, there will be an increasing need for language choices for the different markets. English is so often used on the Internet that it might make you think everyone in the world speaks English, or at least give you the impression that it is the world's most widely-spoken language. If this were true, it would, of course, bring benefits for worldwide communication and understanding, though it could also possibly become a threat to cultural diversity. Information varies, but suggests that about 75 % of the pages on the Web are in English. More and more people are accessing the Internet nowadays, including many companies wanting to conduct e-business. As a conesquence, the position of English is beginning to change. Both Europe and Asia are growth areas, with businesses increasing their use of the Internet and people would apparently rather buy things online if they can order in their own language. It has been predicted that very soon only one third of Internet users will be speakers of English. As a result, companies wanting to reach world markets are beginning to realize that they will have to translate their websites for their various customers. However, creating a multilingual website is not an easy task. Companies wishing to translate their sites for different markets basically face both technical and linguistic problems. They are unable to use automated translation systems, which already exist in the market, simply because the quality is not good enough for professional use.

Programming languages

A programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.

The earliest programming languages predate the invention of the computer, and were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos. Thousands of different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, with many more being created every year. Most programming languages describe computation in an imperative style, i.e., as a sequence of commands, although some languages, such as those that support functional programming or logic programming, use alternative forms of description.

The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning). Some languages are defined by a specification document (for example, the C programming language is specified by an ISO Standard), while other languages, such as Perl 5 and earlier, have a dominant implementation that is used as a reference.

Computer graphics

Computer graphics are graphics created using computers and, more generally, the representation and manipulation of image data by a computer with help from specialized software and hardware.

The development of computer graphics has made computers easier to interact with, and better for understanding and interpreting many types of data. Developments in computer graphics have had a profound impact on many types of media and have revolutionized animation, movies and the video game industry.

Computer viruses

The term "computer virus" was first used by F. Cohen.A computer virus is a piece of code that can copy itself and infect computer files and programs without permission or knowledge of the user. Viruses are not standalone programs and need a host file or program to work or replicate, so they attach themselves to files and applications.One of the first viruses was " The Creeper" written in 1970. It in¬fected the TENEX operating system and traveled to any other computer connected to the network via modem or dial up and infected them. It displa¬yed the message "I'm the creeper: catch me if you can".So who does create viruses? Usually these are students and someti¬mes advanced schoolchildren who have studied the assembly languages but are not experts in programming yet. Mostly they would like to try some¬thing but cannot find any cleverer application of their knowledge.Nowadays viruses can be written in many programming languages such as Basic, Java Script and others.Also there's another group virus makers - professionals."Professional" viruses in many cases infect not just files but also boot sectors of drives and sometimes Windows.There is also the third group of virus makers which is a bit diffe¬rent from the others, called "explorers". They make viruses not for the sake of viruses themselves, but rather for the sake of "exploration" of the potential threats to computers.As a result of threats created by viruses, a new branch of antivirus protection developed. Now there are many antivirus companies that make antivirus software, such as Nod32, Kaspcrsky, Dr. Web and many others. It is a very profitable business and many think that companies involved in making antivirus software, create viruses themselves not to lose profits and popularity.