5. Interlingua mt systems

Interlingual machine translation is one of the classic approaches to machine translation. In this approach, the source language, i.e. the text to be translated is transformed into an interlingua, i.e., an abstract language-independent representation. The target language is then generated from the interlingua. Within the rule-based machine translation paradigm, the interlingual approach is an alternative to the direct approach and the transfer approach.

The interlingual approach to machine translation has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are that it requires fewer components in order to relate each source language to each target language, it takes fewer components to add a new language, it supports paraphrases of the input in the original language, it allows both the analysers and generators to be written by monolingual system developers, and it handles languages that are very different from each other (e.g. English and Arabic). The obvious disadvantage is that the definition of an interlingua is difficult and maybe even impossible for a wider domain. The ideal context for interlingual machine translation is thus multilingual machine translation in a very specific domain.

In this method of translation, the interlingua can be thought of as a way of describing the analysis of a text written in a source language such that it is possible to convert its morphological, syntactic, semantic (and even pragmatic) characteristics, that is "meaning" into a target language. This interlingua is able to describe all of the characteristics of all of the languages which are to be translated, instead of simply translating from one language to another.

Sometimes two interlinguas are used in translation. It is possible that one of the two covers more of the characteristics of the source language, and the other possess more of the characteristics of the target language. The translation then proceeds by converting sentences from the first language into sentences closer to the target language through two stages. The above-mentioned system is based on the idea of using linguistic proximity to improve the translation quality from a text in one original language to many other structurally similar languages from only one original analysis. This principle is also used in pivot machine translation, where a natural language is used as a "bridge" between two more distant languages. For example in the case of translating to English from Ukrainian using Russian as an intermediate language

6. Services offered by Google.

Google search – web search engine, which is Google's core product. It was the company's first creation, coming out of beta on September 21, 1999, and remains their most popular and famous service.

Google Books (was Print) – search engine for the full text of printed books. Google scans and stores in its digital database. The content that is displayed depends on the arrangement with the publishers, ranging from short extracts to entire books.

Google Finance – searchable US business news, opinion, and financial data. Features include company-specific pages, blog search, interactive charts, executives information, discussion groups and a portfolio.

Google Groups – web and email discussion service and Usenet archive. Users can join a group, make a group, publish posts, track their favorite topics, write a set of group web pages updatable by members and share group files

Google Image Search – image search engine, with results based on the filename of the image, the link text pointing to the image and text adjacent to the image. 

Language Tools – Collection of linguistic applications, including one that allows users to translate text or web pages from one language to another, and another that allows searching in web pages located in a specific country or written in a specific language.

Google News – automated news compilation service and search engine for news.

Google Video – video search engine and online store for clips internally submitted by companies and the general public. Google's main video partnerships include agreements with CBS, NHL and the NBA. Also searches videos posted on YouTube, Metacafe, Daily Motion, and other popular video hosting sites.

Google Apps – service for businesses, enterprise and education providing independently customizable versions of several Google products under a custom domain name. Features included are Gmail, Google Calendar, Google Docs, Google Sites, Google Contacts, Google Video, Google Groups, Google Buzz, Google Talk, Google Maps, Google Mars, Google Moon, and Google Earth.

Blogger – weblog publishing tool. Users can create custom, hosted blogs with features such as photo publishing, comments, group blogs, blogger profiles and mobile-based posting with little technical knowledge.

Google Docs – document, spreadsheet and presentation application, with document collaboration and publishing capabilities.

Gmail (also termed Google Mail) – free email service provided by Google,

Google+ – Google's social networking service.

Google Chrome – web browser. (Supports Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Linux (specifically Debian- and Red Hat/Fedora-based versions), and Mac OS X.)

7. E-commerce and payment systems.

Electronic commerce, commonly known as e- commerce, ecommerce, eCommerce or e-comm, refers to the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on such technologies as electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange(EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. 

Online Shopping sites like eBay and Amazon.com offer many, many things to buy. E-commerce is electronic commerce or web commerce where you can even pay for your items securely online by using PayPal or a credit card. There is B2B – Business to Business, B2C – Business to Consumer and C2C – Consumer to Consumber. Rozetka.ua is one of the most popular Internet services in Ukraine, where the user can buy a lot of different goods. They have their own delivery service,and if consumer buys something it will be delivered in 1-2 days, depending on when you've made a request for buying something.