Answer Key

Unit 6 Cost and Managerial Accounting

Reading

6. 1d; 2g; 3c; 4a; 5f; 6i; 7e; 8h; 9b

7. 1. allocating, variable, 2. overheads, cost or expenses, 3. raw materials

Developing Vocabulary

1. 1. direct; 2. conversion; 3. indirect; 4. centre; 5. apportionment; 6. fixed; 7. labour;

8. marginal; 9. integrated; 10. interlocking

2. 1. financial data; 2. maximum profit; 3 .arbitrary decisions; 4.consumable materials;

5. prime cost; 6.business facilities; 7.manufacturing process; 8.functional analysis

3. selling, overheard, overstate, appropriate, cost driver

Discovering Language

1. has, being; consist; are known to belong; owned, are considered to be; may not be included; argue, is, should be included; (will) cancel out, is; owns, owning; should take

Focus on Function

1. a) often, co-operative; b)probably; c)always, obsolete; d)invariably; e) between, credit; f)some, immediately; g)quickly; h)high, increasingly; i)given

Listening

1. a) Relevance Lost, b) Activity-based costing

2. 1.4, 2.1, 3.7, 4.5, 5.3, 6.2, 7.6

3. a) 1. batch, 2. exponent, 3. tracts, 4. seminal, 5. apportioning, 6. opted to, 7. bore no resemblance, 8. compelling, 9. make-up, 10. moved on; b) 1. exponents, 2. compelling, 3. bore no resemblance, 4. batch, 5. seminal, 6. moved on, 7. tracts, 8. make up, 9. apportioning, 10. opted to

Unit 7 Audit

Developing Vocabulary

1. 1. accuracy; 2. deviations; 3. standard operating procedures; 4. external; 5. determine; 6. board of directors; 7. ratified; 8. shareholders/stockholders; 9. Annual General Meeting (AGM); 10. deficiencies; 11. a synonym; 12. transitional corporations; 13. checking; 14. directives; 15. implemented; 16. subsidiaries

2. 1. Review/check/evaluate/control; 2. give/resent; 3. report; 4. appoint; 5. recommend; 6. legal

3. 1d; 2h; 3f; 4a; 5i; 6c; 7k; 8e; 9l; 10m; 11j; 12n; 13g; 14b

4. 1. accounts; 2. auditors; 3. books; 4. reconcile; 5. invoices; 6. receipts; 7. stocks; 8. depreciate; 9. write down; 10. VAT; 11. public; 12. Exchange; 13. companies; 14. annual; 15. firms

Discovering Language

1. 1. different between; 2. refer to; 3. insist on; 4. in line with; 5. eson for; 6. responsible for; 7. blame…for; 8. agree with; 9. suspicious of; 10. caused by

2. 1.…it will attract more investments from creditors and stockholders. 2…they would have covered the production costs and would have ensured higher profit. 3.Unless/If the long-term plan for the production development were/were not drawn up beforehand/in advance…. 4.…,provided capital assets were rationally. 5.…,tax departments and other interested parties cannot evaluate the financial position of the company. 6. Unless/If the obsolete equipment were /weren’t replaced in time,…. 7.…,the accountant would have determined the company’s income. 8….if it had higher goodwill in the market than its competitors. 9.…unless it had been/if it had not been the dry summer weather. 10.…provided there is not any/no tight government control over cash flow in the market.

Focus on Function

2. 1. because of; 2. since; 3. so; 4. but; 5. however; 6. while; 7.because; 8.although; 9.if, thus

Listening

1. a) The headline suggests the article will be critical of auditing practices.

b) No, they do not.

2. pose problems-present problems; the root of the debate-the reason for the discussion; the work on its behalf-to work for someone; legal redress-compensation from the law; ripe for reform-needs to be reformed; price premium-especially high price; transition period-time of change; intensity of competition-the great strength of competition holds no water-is not a good argument; addresses the problem-faces the problem and tries to solve it.

3. beneficiaries-those who gain from an action/event; diverge-become different; safeguard-protect; malpractice-dishonest/illegal behaviour; gulf-gap/wide space;, sustain-maintain; periodic-from time to time; rotation-change; disruption- disturbance/upset; scrutiny-careful inspection

Unit 8 Tax Accounting

Developing Vocabulary

1. 1.scrapped (should be past participle); 2.determine (or compute); 3.conventions (should be plural); 4.inherent; 5.Computing (or to compute),(Determine or to determine are also possible); 6.take account of (should be infinitive without ‘to’); 7.appreciated (should be past participle); 8.associated; 9.has accumulated (should be present perfect because of ‘up to now’); 10.residual

2. 1.income tax; 2.corporation tax; 3.capital gains tax; 4.excise duty; 5.progressive tax; 6.creative accounting; 7.tax haven; 8.loophole; 9.tax deductable; 10.tax loss; 11.value added tax; 12.tax evasion; 13. tax shelter; 14.money laundering

3. 1. d) fuel for the vans; 2. b) theft; 3. b) consumption; 4. mortgages; 5. buildings; 6.d) market value; 7. c) revalued; 8. b) sales account

Discovering Language

1. 1.lose; 2.wear out; 3.deducted; 4.converting; 5.exist; 6.involve; 7.writes off; 8.increase; 9.spreads; 10.charges; 11.allow; 12.encourage

2. 1.replaced; 2.gains; 3.estimate; 4.scrap; 5.charged, deducted; 6.reducing; 7.maintenance; 8.tax

3. 1.wrote off; 2.set out; 3.carry on; 4.sell off; 5.set aside; 6.turned out; 7.look up; 8.go over; 9.close off; 10.draw up; 11.catch on; 12.clear up

4. 1.can be, should/ought to be related to; 2.are to be/must be; 3.has to increase; 4.must be combined with; 5.had to look for, could be used; 6.must determine, should/ought to be ensured; 7.had to sign; 8.may/can supply; may/can supply; 9.must be replaced/will have to be/is to be replaced; 10.should/ought to be made

Focus on Function

3. 1. unless; 2. if /provided, until; 3. if/provided, either…or; 4. in order to, in spite of ;

5. if/provided, instead of; 6. on the one hand, on the other hand; 7. The former, the latter; 8. thought; 9.The…the; 10. neither…nor; 11.both…and

Listening

1. The original headline was 2.“Tax bill in US Congress seems to promote takeovers”.

2. 1. (a)The key aspect is the fact that depreciation would be allowed for intangible assets, including goodwill; (b) It would make takeovers; 2. (a)Congress seemed to be trying to make them more difficult, (b) It had been considering ways of getting rid of any tax incentives which encouraged takeovers; 3.(a) The other word used is ‘amortisation’; (b )It proposes an amortisation period of 14 years; 4. (a) workforce in place, information base, customer-based intangibles, supplier-based intangibles; 4. (b) The period. The period of amortisation of both these intangibles will be increased to 14 years.

3. (a)4; (b)2

4. 1.challenged many of these deductions; 2.to end disputes over intangible assets; 3.is expected to be neutral (i.e. there will be no change in total tax collected); 4.the amortisation period for some intangible assets will be increased.

5. 4. is the best piece of advice according to the text; 1.is correct but it is not necessarily good advice;2. it is not ‘sure’ to improve the buyer’s tax position; 3. purchase of assets, not of stock, would be preferred in these case.

Writing

Letter 1: 6, 2, 10

Letter 2: 5, 9, 7, 3

Letter 3: 8, 4, 1

Unit 9 Accounting Ethics

1 1. ethics; 2. unethically; 3. unethical; 4. a code of ethics; 5. ethical; 6. ethically; 7. ethics

2 embezzlement, embezzler, embezzles, embezzlement, embezzled

faking, faker, fakes, a fake, faked

fraud, fraudster, defrauds, a fraud, fraudulent

juggling, juggler; juggles, jugglery,

falsification, falsifier, falsifies, falsification, falsified

money laundering, money launderer, launders money,

bribing, briber/ bribe taker, bribes/takes a bribe, a bribe, bribed

3 1) d; 2) e; 3) g; 4) a; 5) c; 6) f; 7) b.

4. 1) price fixing; 2. market rigging; 3. sleaze. 4. insider dealing/insider trading

Writing

1. Cloze test: fraudulent, falsify, involves, earnings, books, plans, of, companies, have, figures, regulators, companies, the, investor, was, protect

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