- •Тема 1: our university
- •Тема 2: what is food?
- •Тема 3: carbohydrates
- •Тема 4: fats
- •Тема 5: proteins
- •Тема 6: vitamins
- •Тема 7: minerals
- •Тема 8: cereals and cereal products
- •Тема 9: variety of foods in our diet
- •Тема 10: technology of breadmaking
- •Тема 11: milling
- •Тема 12: sugar in confectionery production
- •Тема 13: ecology in food industry
- •Тема 14: extruding in food processing
- •Тема 15: brewing: raw material and technology
- •Тема 16: some stages in wine making
- •Тема 17: problems of automating food processing plants
- •Тема 18: what process control really offers
- •Тема 19: packaging operations
- •Тема 20: methods of food preservation
- •Тема 21: marketing
- •Тема 22: what is haccp
- •Тема 23: food research and development in the 21st century
- •Тема 24: food industry
- •Тема 25: human diet
Тема 25: human diet
Food is essential to the nutrition of any human being or any form of life. If there is no food there is no life. If the amount or kind of food is inadequate, the growth of the body is stopped, and the capacity to work is lost.
The word "food" is used to designate anything edible, it is a natural product such as wheat, fish or potatoes; partially processed product, such as flour, or cooked food such as porridge or cakes.
Foods are mostly complex substances. They supply the body with energy build or repair its tissues and bones, and regulate body processes. The chief constituents of food are classified into six groups: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins and water.
Most of food constituents undergo changes and transformations during digestion in order to be assimilated by the body.
The energy or fuel value of food is measured in terms of calories; the body's requirement for energy chiefly depends upon activity, age and size of human being as well as upon climate and season. The body's need for energy is met through carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Vitamins though required in small amounts are essential for maintaining good health. A great part in regulatory body processes is played by water. The functions of minerals in human diet are of no less importance.
Thus, human body has various needs to maintain its development and these needs require a balanced diet including foods of high nutritive value. Nutritionists consider the best sources of all constituents to be meat, fish, dairy products, cereals, fruit and vegetables, nuts and honey. They are called the staples of human diet.
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