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Text 21

highly some nervous on expected available

prices position over sharply

European investors have watched US stock markets nervously ____ 1 ____ the last few months. The problems with US technology and telecomms stocks began last March, and since then share ____ 2 ____ at companies like Intel, Apple and Dell have crashed. Over the summer all these giants announced lower than ____ 3 ____ profits, and investors fear that demand for PCs in the ____ 4 ____developed US market has peaked. Now it’s the turn of European stocks. On Monday stocks in companies like Germany’s SAP and Finland’s Nokia fell ____ 5 ____. SAP was down 3% in Frankfurt, and Nokia dropped 7% in Helsinki.

But there was ____ 6 ____ good news for investors yesterday. Yahoo! Released figures which showed that in the last quarter revenues have risen to $295 million, up from $115 million a year earlier. Yahoo! Relies ____ 7 ____ online advertising for most of its income, and this year it has gained significant market share in Europe and has managed to achieve the ____ 8 ____ of top Web-navigation company.

Analysts believe that the market has not hit the bottom yet. Earlier this year investors bought any Internet stocks that were ____ 9 ____ , creating a stock market bubble. Now it’s just the opposite. Investors have become so ____ 10 ____ that they are selling everything, even if the company is sound and the stock looks cheap.

Section II. WORD-BUILDING

A. NOUN

Use the words given in capitals to form a word that fits in the sentence.

1.The _____, which is strictly confidential, comes from a very good source.

2. A marketing _____ works in my department. 3. Three times as many _____ prefer our product to theirs. 4. While we've been talking, my_____ has handed me the file.

5. Thank you for your _____, it was very helpful. 6. You'll be impressed by the_____ of this equipment. 7. The _____ of their offices has cost a lot of money. 8. Could you please remain in contact with the head office until the _____ are completed. 9. Health and _____ are aspects of employee welfare. 10. The wholesaler stocks a _____ of products. 11. We encountered a lot of _____ in the market. 12. Ads remain a good source of management _____.

13. He plans to go back to college to get a management _____. 14. Up till now we've promoted the _____ junior project leaders.

15. The workshop will be run again next month, so you'll have an _____ to participate.

16. For _____ to take place, workers must believe that effort on their part will lead to rewards.

17. The business went into _____. 18. The job description indicates where the job is to be carried out in terms of location, plant, _____, department, section.

19. These rules are formal – such as the procedure for _____.

20. We have automated the _____ line.

21. We fixed an _____ for four o'clock. 22. He filled in an _____ form. 23. Our main _____ is export trade. 24. If motivation decreases, _____ is likely to increase.

25. Some Eastern European countries were accused of selling very cheap steel in the US to gain _____ to their market.

26. In spite of his intelligence, he doesn't find _____ to production problems very easily.

27. He invested most of his _____ in the Stock Exchange. 28. My stockbroker advised me to make several safe _____. 29. _____ on the personal computer market has increased considerably over the past few years.

30. The prices given for buying and selling shares on the Stock Exchange are known as _____.

INFORM

MANAGE

CONSUME

ASSIST

RECOMMEND

FLEXIBLE

MODERN

NEGOTIATE

SAVE

VARY

RESIST

RECRUIT

QUALIFY

ANALYZE

OPPORTUNE

MOTIVATE

LIQUIDATE

DIVIDE

DISMISS

ASSEMBLE

APPOINT

APPLY

ACTIVE

ABSENT

ENTER

SOLVE

SAVE

INVEST

COMPETE

QUOTE

B. ADJECTIVE

1. I found her comments quite _____. 2. We are going to introduce a _____ newsletter for all employees.

3. The opening of the banking complex will be an important _____ development for the region. 4. The new model was up-to-date and visually _____. 5. If you want cheap and _____ products you can buy them at the discount supermarket. 6. The managing director prefers to leave _____ affairs to the

accountant.

7. The accounts department supplies us with a _____ list of all

payments. 8. Every company in our country is expected to contribute towards _____ training. 9. The new clerk was given some _____ advice about dealing with customers who do not pay immediately.

10. Extra payments at Christmas are an _____ feature of salaries in our country.

11. Before we can decide where to buy our materials we require as much _____ information as we can get on the suppliers.

12. We required a _____ description of all the company's orders

since last December. 13. There were a lot of problems and customers looked for a more _____ supplier. 14. The products were excellent and many customers remained _____.

15. His CV, which you showed me yesterday, is most _____.

16. She gave me some information that was supposed to be _____.

17. An interviewer who tries to frighten the candidate is abusing

his/her _____ position. 18. We are sending you our spring catalogue under _____ cover.

19. At a time when so many _____ workers are out of work, it will be easy to fill the vacancy. 20.We'll have to reduce workforce to a certain extent, perhaps by a process of _____ redundancies. 21. They may feel _____ of our success.

22. My brother did well. I was _____ of him.

23. _____ prices are making food very expensive.

24. They were less _____ than us.

25. He tends to choose the _____ solution rather than the least-costly.

26. The newspapers printed a shocking and _____ story.

27. In general taking an MBA is a good idea. For an _____ young professional, however, you do have to make some sacrifices.

28. There’s not much work in the _____ sector at the moment.

29. Mr Wright proved to be an extremely _____ and loyal employee.

30. The business, we must confess, is not very _____.

SURPRISE

MONTH

COMMERCE

STYLE

AFFORD

FINANCE

QUARTER

VOCATION

CAUTION

OPTION

STATISTICS

SYSTEM

RELY

LOYALTY

IMPRESSION

CONFIDENCE

SUPER

SEPARATION

SKILL

VOLUNTEER

JEALOUSY

PRIDE

INCREASE

FORTUNE

COST

SHAME

AMBITION

MANUFAC-TURE

COMPETENCE

PROFIT

C. ADVERB

1. The corporate headquarters _____ moved from Huston to Charlotte.

2. The company very _____ realized that it was a profit-making area.

3. The machine was _____ serviced by the engineer.

4. The production schedule will _____ be achieved.

5. The order book is _____ stagnating. 6. They check their inventory _____.

7. I am sorry to say there is little we can _____ do.

8. The customer delivered the cargo _____. 9. We have _____ increased our product range in order to give our customers more choice. 10.There have _____ been disputes with our suppliers. 11.Last year there were _____ delays in concluding contracts.

12.Serious clients can _____ accept the offer. 13.You _____ don’t know what we are talking about. 14.Their operating expenses _____ remained low. 15.The liaison officer _____ forgot to inform the export manager’s PA.

16.There has _____ been a mistake in this invoice.

17.The final price was _____ much higher than the purchaser expected.

18.The customer was _____ quite satisfied with our after-sales service.

19.We _____ asked to see the chief negotiator before we made the decision. 20._____ after he managed to find a job with a major record label.

21._____ he set up his own business and became a millionaire.

22.He works _____ fast.

23.Her work record is quite _____ awful. 24._____ the firm used to produce horseshoes. 25._____ the situation will get better. 26.They negotiated _____ for four hors. 27.They _____ disagree with our position. 28.Prices have gone up _____.

29.Their products are always _____ packaged. 30.You ought to go to one of his presentations. He speaks very _____.

31.He was not in a hurry, so he waited _____ until the client was ready to see him. 32.Most stockbrokers will buy and sell shares in _____-quoted

companies. 33.The new motor is very quiet, and at most speeds it operates almost _____. 34.The bank decided that the project was not _____ viable, so they refused to give them a loan.

35.He reacted _____ when I told him the bad news. 36.Most policy decisions are taken at head office, but day-to-day decisions are taken _____. 37.We are launching a new share-dealing service that will let you buy and sell shares_____.

RECENT

QUICK

CARE

PROBABLE

CURRENT

WEEK

IMMEDIATE

PUNCTUAL

GRADUAL

RARE

HARD

HARD

OBVIOUS

APPARENT

COMPLETE

DEFINITE

OCCASION

INITIAL

SPECIFIC

SHORT

EVENT

EXTREME

HONEST

ORIGINAL

HOPE

AGGRESIVE

TOTAL

EXCESSIVE

ATTRACTIVE

GOOD

PATIENT

PUBLIC

HEAVY

COMMERCIAL

CALM

LOCAL

INSTANT

D. VERB

1. To _____ is to put something in a category.

2. To _____ is to introduce computers. 3. To _____ is to make a state industry private. 4. To _____ is to make a private industry national. 5. To _____ is to make something legal. 6. To _____ is to make a general statement. 7. To _____ is to give a subsidy. 8. To _____ is to have special knowledge. 9. To _____ is to make something more rational. 10.To _____ is to make something more modern. 11. If you _____ something, you make it soft and softer. 12. If you _____ something, you make it weaker. 13. We _____ our products into many markets. 14. The second section of the report _____ the results for the group as a whole.

15. “Politicians are the same all over. They _____ to build a bridge even where there’s no river.”

16. She laughed and that seemed to _____ her voice. 17. She tried to _____ her room with posters and plants. 18. However much they _____, they all felt it was her fault. 19. It is important to _____ the rainforests. 20. I always _____ that the service is bad in restaurants.

21. We need to _____ our prices. 22. Could you _____ for the contract in euros? 23. Up till now we've _____ the programmers to junior project leaders.

24. The workshop will be run again next month, so you'll have an opportunity to _____.

25. Sometimes employees don't _____ at the required standard because they don't know what the standard is.

26. The company _____ with another European company. 27. We must _____ our profits. 28. The company _____ the world in design.

29. We _____ the market in 2000. 30. Workers certainly don't want their pay to _____ wildly. 31. The company _____ interim profits of 200 million euros. 32. It's difficult to _____ with low-priced imports. 33. They have a good research reputation but they find it difficult to _____ their products. 34. The property was _____ of 350 000 euros last month. 35. We _____ the receipt of the shipment.

36. Last week we _____ the company and are now wondering whether we did the right thing or not. 37. On-line banking services let you _____ funds from one account to another quickly and easily.

38. With Citibank, you can _____ interest on your current account balance.

39. Each year the company _____ from twenty to thirty managers to head up offices all over the country.

SUMMARY

COMPUTER

PRIVATE

NATION

LEGAL

GENERAL

SUBSIDY

SPECIAL

RATIONAL

MODERN

SOFT

WEAK

SALE

ANALYSIS

BELIEF

DEEP

BEAUTY

SYMPATHY

PRESERVATION

COMPLAINT

REDUCTION

QUOTATION

PROMOTION

PARTICIPANT

PERFORMANCE

MERGER

MAXIMUM

LEADER

ENTRANCE

FLUCTUATION

DECLARATION

COMPETITION

COMMERCE

ASSESSMENT

ACKNOWLEDGE-MENT

ACQUISITION

WITHDRAWAL

EARNINGS

RECRUITMENT

E. PREFIXES

Ex. 1

Look through the sentences an fill the gaps with a word built from the list on the right and a prefix from above. Some prefixes can be used more than once.

mis- out- over- multi- pre- sub- re- trans-

1. The fall in the value of the dollar will mean a poor _____ for the tourist trade this year.

2. Because the machine had _____ its usefulness, the production manager proposed ­­­­_____ it. 3. Our company can supply you with reply cards which are usually _____ to suit standard situations. 4. The finance department badly _____ the costings for the new factory buildings. 5. There's something wrong with this bill. I think they've _____ me.

6. We've received so many complaints about the product that we'll have to _____ the next model.

7. Our major supplier is a large _____ company, which always delivers on time.

8. Manufacture of the components was _____ to a smaller company.

9. If the rent is too big for the firm, they'll _____ part of the site to another company. 10. Industrial buildings are sometimes _____ in a factory and then assembled on site.

LOOK

LIVE

PLACE

PRINT

CALCULATE

CHARGE

DESIGN

NATIONAL

CONTRACT

LET

FABRICATE

Ex. 2

Use prefixes anti- (against), counter- (against) and semi- (partly or half) to build words that mean:

  1. against unions ___________

  2. half a circle __________

  3. against the government __________

  4. not completely professional__________

  5. not completely official__________

  6. not completely permanent __________

  7. partly automatic __________

Ex. 3

Fill the gaps in the sentences, using the words from the list.

non-stop anticlockwise unforeseen dishonest illegal dissatisfied unfortunately insufficient invalid invisible

  1. The claims made in this advertisement are _____.

  2. Please make sure you book me on a _____ flight.

  3. I'm afraid the deposit you sent us was _____.

  4. Discrimination on the grounds of race, religion or sex is _____.

  5. Please inform the manager if you are in any way _____.

  6. Tourism and financial services are ______ exports.

  7. Turn the handle _____ to open the door.

  8. Your visa expired last week and is now _____.

  9. _____, your reservation didn't reach us in time.

  10. Due to _____ circumstances, the flight has been cancelled.

Ex. 4

Complete the sentences with appropriate words with negative prefixes derived from the root word supplied. Decide whether the word you require is a noun, a verb, an adjective or an adverb.

  1. On the whole I like living in the country but it has some _____ (advantage).

  2. If you answered the first question _____ (correct), look again at the instructions.

  3. I am sorry if I gave you the wrong information. I didn't mean to _____ (lead) you.

  4. What you are saying doesn't make sense. It's completely _____ (logic).

  5. The driver responsible for the accident was _____ (qualify) from driving for ten years.

  6. Everyone at the hospital was very efficient, but there was nothing friendly about them – it was all very _____ (person).

  7. If you find a word spelt wrongly in this book it's a _____ (print).

  8. There was some _____ (agree) between them about the best treatment to give the patient.

  9. I didn't mean to insult you. I think you've _____ (understand) what I said.

  10. His poetry is _____ (mortal). It will never die.

  11. He said my advice was _____ (relevant) and had nothing to do with the case.

  12. I was very _____ (appoint) that I couldn't come to your wedding.

  13. I thought he was rather unpleasant when I first met him, but I realize that I _____ (judge) him. Actually he is quite nice.

  14. As soon as they heard of the climbers' _____ (appear) in the fog, they organised a search party.

  15. When he suddenly appeared with so much money we wondered if he had acquired it _____ (honest).

Ex. 5

Replace underlined words or phrases with appropriate adjective forms derived from the verb given in brackets. Change the word order where necessary.

  1. For some reason that I cannot explain I left all my luggage on the station platform. (account)

  2. I never met such an unpleasant person. (agree)

  3. She always wears clothes that are no longer in fashion. (fashion)

  4. He hit his head on the wall and fell to the ground unconscious. (sense)

  5. He's behaved in a completely careless manner. (respond)

  6. The plan they have suggested is impossible to put into practice. (practice)

  7. The painting is worth so much money that its value cannot be estimated. (value)

  8. Most people say they have to work too hard but are paid too little. (work, pay)

  9. He dated his cheque with a date that was later than the real date. (date)

  10. He made so many mistakes in the letter that he had to write it again. (write)

Ex. 6

Fill in the table with the missing forms. Put a tick (V) if a form doesn’t exist.

Noun

Verb

Adjective

1

person/personality

2

consider

3

include

4

pay/payment

5

attention

6

add

7

recognize

8

various/varied

9

special/specialised

10

agreement

11

sign

12

presumed

13

compare

14

proof

15

manage

16

operation/operator

17

administration/administrator

18

surprise

19

apply

20

account

21

criticism/critic

22

reduced

23

legalize

24

action

25

propose

26

negotiations

27

lost

28

confirmed

29

sell

30

vacancy

31

relationship

32

advice

33

successful

34

strong

35

widen

36

short

37

long

38

high

39

weight

40

creation/creativity

41

analyze

42

measurement

43

socialize

44

effect

45

consulting

46

establishing

47

location

48

lead

49

option

50

produce

51

benefit

52

soluble

53

knowledge

54

instruction

55

calculable

56

simple

57

accept

58

national

59

mean

60

disposable

61

invention

62

construct

63

development

64

govern

65

appoint

66

object

67

approve

68

satisfaction

69

argue

70

loyal

71

punitive

72

television

73

declaration

74

connect

75

transference/ transfer

F. TEXTS

Read the texts. Use the words at the end of each line to form the words that fit in the space in the same lines.

Ex.1

At this time of year thousands of (1)________ who want summer jobs start filling in (2)_________forms and worrying about how to write a good CV. To make a positive (3)__________on prospective (4)___________ you should follow a few basic rules. The first one is that it should be no longer than two pages and written in simple (5)___________

Divide the content into several parts, with each part under a (6)____________ and do not forget to include relevant (7)____________, work experience, and a description of any positions of (8)____________ you have had. Remember to emphasise your (9)_____________by drawing attention to your

skills. But when it comes to your weaknesses, (10)___________ is the best policy. And if you are (11)___________ with your first draft, start again!

STUDY

APPLY

IMPRESS

EMPLOY

STATE

HEAD

TRAIN

RESPONSIBLE

STRONG

HONEST

SATISFY

Ex. 2

For the British, bargain hunting is something of an (1)_______ . At least that's the (2)_______ of a recent survey into the nation's shopping habits. The increasing (3)_______ of alternative retail outlets, such as second-hand shops and car boot sales is (4)______ of this and the main (5)_______ for shoppers is the chance to pick up a bargain. The (6)_______ start of the car boot season is the Spring Bank Holiday weekend when an (7)_______ ten thousand sales are held up and down the country. There are, however, certain (8)_______ to this type of shopping. The chances of buying faulty or (9)_______ goods are much greater than in a conventional shop, for example. What's more (10)_______ may not have the full (11)_______of the law when they are buying second-hand goods, and so may have no one to turn to if they are cheated.

ADDICT

CONCLUDE

POPULAR

EVIDENT

ATTRACT

TRADITION

ESTIMATE

ADVANTAGE

STEAL

CONSUME

PROTECT

Ex. 3

In most parts of the world, the (1)_______ basis of the television industry is (2)_______ of advertising time. This is so important and (3)_______ that it funds all the technical and staff costs involved in the (4)_______ of programmes for a variety of audiences. This is no (5)_______ from that employed by newspapers and magazine when they sell advertising space on their pages. Except that (6)_______ have little choice but to watch the advertisements, with the added annoyance of (7)_______ during their favourite programmes.

One (8)_______is the BBC which is state funded and so does not show (9)_______. To avoid the situation where children watching TV are (10)________ influenced by persuasive advertising for junk food items which their parents may consider (11) ______ .

ECONOMY

SELL

PROFIT

PRODUCE

DIFFER

VIEW

INTERRUPT

EXCEPT

COMMERCE

EASY

HEALTH

Ex. 4

With the (1)_______ of fast motorway systems in many countries, once remote parts of the countryside are (2)_______ becoming

(3)_______ to people who live in towns and cities. In many parts of the world, rising (4)_______ incomes have resulted in mass

(5)_______ of motor cars at a time when people have more leisure time to fill. This means that there is a lot of (6)_______ on the countryside to accept a growing number of visitors. In Britain, for example, the (7)_______ parks are used by more than one hundred million people annually. In (8)_______, similar numbers visit areas that do not enjoy the same level of (9)_______. Some people regard this invasion of the countryside as (10)_______ and they have begun campaigning to try and save some aspects of (11)_______ rural culture.

DEVELOP

INCREASE

ACCESS

PERSON

OWNER

PRESS

NATION

ADD

PROTECT

DESIRE

TRADITION

Ex. 5

I have just put our house on (1)________ because we are moving out of the (2) ________ and going to live elsewhere. We have put an (3) ________ in the local newspaper and hope that we will be

(4) ________ enough to sell it quickly. The house is a new

(5) ________ and so the

(6) ________ costs are not very high, and it has plenty of

(7) ________ space, which many people look for these days.

The only (8)_________ is that people are short of money and this

(9) ________ our chance of selling quickly. The agent's

(10) ________ is to accept the first reasonable offer we get.

SELL

NEIGHBOUR

ADVERTISE

LUCK

BUILD

MAINTAIN

STORE

ADVANTAGE

LESS

RECOMMEND

Ex. 6

I left university with good academic (1) ________ but writing out my first (2) ________ for a job was very difficult. I was not very

(3) ________ so I could not see myself as a successful businessman:

I was looking for something quieter, (4)________ related to my studies, but there was little (5)_________ in my field. Still, I had to earn my (6)_________ somehow. So I applied for the post of

(7)_________ to the press officer of a company. As I stood at the

(8)_________ desk before the interview I knew I had nothing to recommend me but a reasonably pleasant (9)_________ and a good

(10)________ from my tutor at university.

QUALIFY

APPLY

AMBITION

PREFER

CHOOSE

LIFE

ASSIST

RECEIVE

APPEAR

REFER

Ex. 7

Veronica is on a (1)________course this weekend in Devon. She got the (9)________ a few days ago and accepted immediately. The course is for (3)________ people from different

(4)________ backgrounds, such as

(5)________ and economists, and there are a number of

(6)________ representing different disciplines. The idea in itself is (7)________ - they're going to discuss a series of

(8)________ to improve the use of resources in society - but the

(9)________ of the matter is that once the

(10)________ get involved, they’ll turn everything round to suit themselves.

RESIDENT

INVITE

PROFESSION

EDUCATION

LAW

SCIENCE

ATTRACT

PROPOSE

TRUE

POLITICS

Ex. 8

(1) ________ for Mobile Phones

Mobile Phone Offer!

Don't miss this (2) ________ offer from Telephone!

This is a special (3)_______for you to buy a mobile phone for your child. It will make a (4) ________Christmas present and will give him or her hours of enjoyment. (5) ________ in shape and able to fit (6)_______ inside a child's pocket, that phone comes in a (7)_______of colours, from bright red to brilliant green. It is (8)_______of strong plastic so that it can't be

(9) ________.

It is (10)_______with children of all ages and comes at the low price of £30. We can make a special (11)_______ for you to pay over the phone on 0947 839 5038.

ADVERTISE

FANTASY INVITE TERRIFY RECTANGLE EASY

VARY

MAKE BREAK POPULARITY

ARRANGE

Ex. 9

Macaulay Culkin, now a (1)_______ twenty year old, one of the most (2)_______ and well-paid stars in Hollywood while he was still an (3)_______. Now he has grown up, he can look back on (4)_______ which reads like fairy-tale. There are indeed few American children who can claim to have been the most famous child in the world. This was the case with Culkin after his (5)_______ in Home Alone in 1986. Although this film made him a (6)_______ name, his first

(7)_______ movie had come a couple of years earlier when his

(8)_______ in Rocket Gibraltar earned him very

(9)_______ reviews from the critics, who are not noted for their

(10)_______ towards child stars. Culkin’s career did not end with Home Alone. As a (11)_______ he went on to appear in a number of more serious films.

YOUTH

FAME ADOLESCENCE

CHILD

APPEARS

HOUSE

SUCCESS

PERFORM

FAVOUR

KIND

TEEN

Ex. 10

The British are considered to be among the worst tippers in the world but is that because they simply don't know the rules? Customs differ between countries, so it is not (1)_______that in Tokyo they do things (2)_______from London. In British restaurants, for example, a tip is (3)_______included in the bill and this is the case in most (4)_______European countries. In some Mediterranean countries, such as Greece and Spain, the customer is expected to pay a little extra for (5)_______service. As for bars and pubs, again customs vary. In Britain, one (6)_______does not have to pay a tip in pubs, while in hotel bars it is (7)_______common to leave your small change behind. This is the case in (8)_______ too, but in France you leave a tip only when drinks are brought to your table. In the (9)_______of European countries, with the

(10)_______of Ireland where it applies only in top hotels, porters receive a tip for carrying your luggage to your room for you.

SURPRISE

DIFFERENT

GENERAL

NORTH

SATISFY

CERTAIN

FAIR

GERMAN

MAJOR

EXCEPT

Ex. 11

1. The boss of a big company brought all his employees together and told them he had an (1)_______ to make. He told them he had some good news and some bad news for them. 'It is my (2)_______to announce,' he said, 'that we have kept to all (3)_______regulations and we haven't broken any laws.' Everyone smiled with (4)_______ . 'The bad news.' he continued, 'is that ...

2. What are the (5)_______ for any young person who wishes to become a (6)_______ ? He should be able to foretell what is going to happen tomorrow, next week, next month and next year and have the (7)_______afterwards to explain why ...

3. A judge, in sentencing a (8)_______recently, said: 'I'm going to give you the maximum (9)_______. I'm going to let you go free, so you can worry about taxes, inflation, (10)_______ bills and everything else,…

ANNOUNCE

PLEASE

GOVERN

SATISFY

QUALIFY POLITICS

ABLE

CRIME

PUNISH ELECTRIC

Ex. 12

My ideal job

One thing I know is that I wouldn't like to have an occupation that has anything to do with physics, (1)_______or maths; I am not the

(2)_______type at all. In fact, at school I was a complete

(3)_______in these subjects. Neither am I very good at dealing with people, nor am I (4)_______, so jobs in business, administration and

(5)_______don't really interest me either. Moreover, I find it

(6)_______to be surrounded by a lot of people; I would much rather have a job involving creative work on (7)_______ skills of some sort. I’d like to have the chance to work outdoors (8)_______ and perhaps do a bit of traveling too. I am not (9)_______ concerned about becoming rich but I would like to have a (10)_______ income-enough to live comfortably.

CHEMIST SCIENCE

FAIL

AMBITION

MANAGE IRRITATE

ART

OCCASION

PARTICULAR

REASON

Ex. 13

We live in a new residential area on the outskirts of London. It is a quiet neighborhood, which makes a nice change after living in one of the noisiest (1)_______ of London for many years. The house is set in beautiful (2)_______, though there is one fairly major

(3)_______problem: a chemical factory about five miles away in the (4)_______zone. Unfortunately, the waste from the factory has caused serious (5)_______of the atmosphere and the river. Another (6)_______is the night life - there isn't any. If you want (7)_______, you have to invent it yourself or drive into (8)_______ London, with all the hassle of finding a

(9)_______ parking space. Luckily, it is only five minutes walk from our house to the nearest (10)_______station.

SUBURBAN SURROUND

ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY POLLUTE ADVANTAGE ENTERTAIN CENTRE

SUIT

GROUND

Ex. 14

I was lazily browsing through the small ads in the local newspaper when I saw an (1)_______ for a second-hand word

(2)_______ so I decided to give them a ring to get more

(3)_______. I have a computer but it doesn't really have a

(4)_______ enough memory for the project I'm involved in at the moment. In most (5)_______ nowadays, it is becoming useful to be 'computer-literate' but in my (6)_______ it has become an absolute (7)_______. I must admit I do not get much

(8)_______ out of sitting in front of a computer screen for hours, but I don't stand much chance of (9)_______ without computer skills. So I made an (10)_______ to see my bargain computer the next day.

ADVERTISE PROCESS INFORM

POWER

OCCUPY PROFESS NECESSARY PLEASE PROMOTE APPOINT

Ex. 15

We all know how exhausting housework can be and sweeping the carpet must be one of the most (1)_______ of

(2)_______chores. We think we have come up with a

(3)_______ to back-breaking carpet cleaning - our new range of state of the art vacuum (4)_______ provide a quick and

(5)_______ answer to dust, however deeply ingrained. We would be happy to send you (6)_______ about our new vacuum cleaners; our leaflets contain a complete (7)_______ of the latest models, and if you would like a (8)_______ of how they work why not take up our free (9)_______ offer today with no (10)_______ to buy. Just send off the form below or ring us on 101 243679 now!

TIRE

HOUSE

SOLVE

CLEAN

EFFECT INFORM DESCRIBE DEMONSTRATE TRY, OBLIGE

Ex. 16

My attempt to teach myself Spanish has been unsuccessful

so far and I am wondering whether I am simply (1)_______ to learn foreign languages at my age. I am not (2)_______ and neither am I (3)_______, so why have I found it almost (4)_______ to learn more than just the basics of Spanish after nearly six months of study? My vocabulary is (5)_______ beyond very basic expressions and my grammar is (6)______to say the least. It is not only that my Spanish is (7)_______but I suspect I sound very (8)_______, too. Recently I met a Cuban tourist in a cafe and (9)_______, I must have said something

(10)_______ because she looked very offended and got up and sat at another table.

ABLE

PATIENCE INTELLIGENCE POSSIBLE

ADEQUATE SATISFY CORRECT

POLITE

FORTUNE APPROPRIATE

Ex. 17

Stephen Murray was clearly going through a difficult adolescence. He had never managed to gain the (1)_______ of his teachers at school. He ignored repeated (2)_______ to change his attitude or be expelled. He was widely considered to be an (3)_______ pupil who was wasting

his (4)_______ by misbehaving in class. His parents received regular (5)_______ about their son but in spite of their own experience of Stephen's rebellious (6)_______, it was

their (7)_______ that the school was as much to blame as Stephen was for the (8)_______ that arose from time to time. They reacted (9)_______ to any suggestion that the boy's upbringing was in any way (10)_______ for Stephen's lack of discipline.

APPROVE

WARN

INTELLIGENCE

OPPORTUNE

COMPLAIN

BEHAVE

BELIEVE

UNDERSTAND

ANGRY

RESPONSE

Ex. 18

For many people, punctuality is a big issue. Parents are often keen to impress upon their children the (1)_______ of being punctual because they see it as an aspect of (2)_______and consideration for others. It is also a quality that (3)_______ regard as very positive, and those who are (4)______unpunctual may end up being (5)_______ in their careers as a result. It may be, however, that less punctual people have (6)_______ a more

(7)_______ lifestyle than those who always arrive on time.

They may find it (8)_______ when so much emphasis is placed on timekeeping. Indeed, if others get (9)_______ when they are late for appointments, this may not seem (10)_______to them.

IMPORTANT POLITE EMPLOY USUAL SUCCESS

CHOOSE RELAX

STRESS PATIENCE REASON

Ex. 19

Research shows that more than half of our conversations end in some sort of (1)_______. While it's easy to blame the listener for the problem, we are also to blame if we don't (2)_____what we mean in the first place. Accurate listening requires (3)_______ and effort, and if you try to do something else at the same time, you won't listen (4)_______.

There's a (5)_______for people to think they know what a speaker is going to say, instead of hearing them out, or to criticise too (6)_______ before a person has (7)_______ made their point. It's when people feel they are being undervalued and are not being treated with (8)_______ that problems begin and (9)_______can break down. Treating others as you want to be treated is an (10)_______rule for good communication.

UNDERSTAND

CLEAR

CONCENTRATE

EFFECT

TEND

READY, FULL

POLITE

RELATIOIN

ESSENCE

Ex. 20

Many surprising claims are made for advertising, not least its supposed power and amazing (1)_______to sell anybody anything. There is an (2)_______ truth about this but sometimes advertising seems a (3)_______ waste of time. Fruit for example often looks more (4)_______ in the well-lit ads than in its natural (5)_______ and certainly

more (6)_______ than on the shelves of the local supermarkets. However this never acts as a (7)_______ to judge by the ever-increasing (8)_______of fruit reported by the shops. Whatever the (9)_______ there seems to be very little

(10)_______ that in this case it has anything to do with the business of advertising.

ABLE

ELEMENT

NEED

APPETITE

SURROUND

ATTRACT

DETER

CONSUME

EXPLAIN

LIKE

Ex. 21

The variety of letters, both business and personal is (1)_______, and it is well worth while consulting a guide to (2)_______, of the kind to be found in any public library. When writing to someone totally (3)_______ to you, begin, "Dear Sir" or "Dear Madam", with the (4)_______"Yours faithfully" or "Yours truly". A married woman can put (5)_______ on this I kind of letter with the (6)_______ of the word "Mrs" . When writing to people with titles and honours, you should (7)_______ look for a more detailed (8)_______ book.

The (9)_______ at most public libraries will have at least one work that gives proper (10)_______to letters of this kind.

END

CORRESPOND

KNOW

CONCLUDE

SIGN

ADD

PREFER

REFER

LIBRARY

GUIDE

Ex. 22

Getting a satisfactory outcome from making a complaint can sometimes be easy - but this is not (1)_______. Most traders do show (2)_______and try to resolve complaints in an (3)_______way, but it can sometimes be difficult if the item or service was (4)_______ - for example car repairs, home

(5)_______or household

(6)_______. Do not immediately give up if the trader is (7)_______. A valid complaint gives you a right to a solution even if a trader is being (8)_______. In some cases you can only reach a (9)_______by going to court but often

merely (10)_______ to do this is enough to get things sorted out.

NECESSARY

FAIR

EFFECT

EXPENSE

IMPROVE

APPLY

HELP

OBSTRUCT

SETTLE

THREAT

Ex. 23

People who work as weather forecasters are often thought to have one of the most (1)_______ jobs in the world, second only to the supposedly (2)_______ lives of film-stars and air-hostesses. But (3)_______ can be

very (4)_______and many people would be surprised to learn that a forecaster's life can be extremely (5)_______. So long as the forecasts prove (6)_______ all is well and satisfactory but once a forecast proves (7)_______the forecasters' telephones

begin to ring very (8)_______with people complaining about the (9)_______of sporting and other events totally ruined by an (10)_______ rainstorm - grey days indeed for weather men and women then.

DELIGHT

LUXURY

APPEAR

DECEIVE

ENJOY

RELY

CORRECT

ANGRY

CANCEL

EXPECT

Section III

Ex. 1

Identify the word that doesn’t belong to each horizontal group.

  1. promotion/ export/ pricing/ packaging

  2. clause/ client/ contract/ brochure

  3. slogan/ fee/ money/ pay

  4. star/ executive/ actor/ celebrity

  5. to endorse/ to afford/ to promote/ to support

  6. computer/ television/ commercial/ advertisement

  7. publicity/ image/ reputation/ agent

  8. to plummet/ to fall/ to rise/ to drop

  9. talks/ negotiations/ operations/ discussions

  10. corporation/ company/ network/ firm

  11. components/ profits/ money/ capital

  12. research/ deal/ agreement/ understanding

  13. to acquire/ to withstand/ to purchase/ to buy

  14. interest/ repayment/ loan/ shareholder

  15. order/ livery/ artwork/ design

  16. partnership/ company/ venture/ overheads

  17. service/ outlet/ premises/ branch

  18. deliver/ entrepreneur/ customer/ investor

  19. consumption/ capital/ cost/ finance

  20. redundant/ business/ trade/ turnover

  21. dividend/ output/ liquidity/ interest rate

  22. launch/ survey/ coupons/ liability

  23. fluctuations/ level off/ peak/ merchandize

  24. suggestion/ opinion/ explanation/ objective

  25. objective/ aim/ target/ outcome

  26. acquisition/ takeover/ merger/ quotation

  27. stand/ outlet/ warehouse/ store

  28. labour costs/ economic recession/ unemployment/ collaboration

  29. invent/ develop/ spoil

  30. till display/ checkout counter/ provider/ cashier

  31. implementation/ evaluation/ assessment/ analysis

  32. extraction/ assembly/ operation/ processing

  33. costs/ revenues/ expenses/ expenditure

  34. kick off/ enlist/ employ/ hire

  35. move/ place/ shift/ displace

  36. mismanage/ control/ organize/ monitor

  37. dictate/ instruct/ order/ discuss

  38. bottom line/ annual report/ financial highlights/ salary

  39. immobile/ moving/ unstable/ fluctuating

  40. private/ personal/ own/ communal

  41. consignment/ check/ lot/ bulk

  42. panel/ resume/ applicant/ patient

  43. mining/ programming/ invoicing/ farming

  44. warranty/ guarantee/ apprenticeship/ insurance

  45. matter/ topic/ subject/ purpose

  46. poise/ calmless/ coolness/ excitability

  47. oppose/ confirm/ contradict/ resist

  48. assist/ supply/ neglect/ contribute

  49. faithful/ dependable/ trusty/ unreliable

  50. careless/ punctual/ prompt/ precise

  51. qualified/ effectual/ incapable/ competent

  52. certain/ dubious/ doubtful/ questionable

  53. stagnation/ advancement/ progress/ growth

  54. remuneration/ reward/ penalty/ recompense

  55. pressing/ leisurely/ necessary/ urgent

  56. attach/ fasten/ stick/ separate

  57. society/ club/ partnership/ division

  58. adjust/ classify/ jumble/ arrange

  59. loose/ bind/ tie/ chain

  60. allowance/ grant/ loss/ stipend

Ex. 2

Fill the gaps with the suitable words from the list below.

backlog bill of exchange bill of lading bulky cash on delivery

cash with order crates deadline grade hold-up inventory/stock margin point of sale premium retail special delivery surcharge tender triplicate value added tax volume wholesale

  1. The profits made on a product vary according to the _____ of sales and there is not normally a fixed profit _____ on the unit price.

  2. If you buy something by mail order it’s normal to pay CWO ( _____ ), rather than COD ( _____ ).

  3. What’s the difference between a B/L ( _____ ) and a B/E ( _____ )?

  4. The _____ price of this product at the _____ (i.e. in the shops) is $ 13.99, incl. VAT (_____) - about 60% more than the _____ price.

  5. As we have been carrying out a(an) _____ control, there is a _____ in processing orders. We apologize for any inconvenience caused by this _____.

  6. As part of the consignment is very urgent, we’ll be making a _____ of two of the twenty _____ you have ordered .

  7. We only supply _____ one products of _____ quality. Very _____ consignments are shipped by sea. There is no _____ for small orders.

  8. They submitted a _____ in _____ , in accordance with our instructions, but it arrived after the _____.

Ex. 3

Fill the gaps with the suitable words from the list below.

boycotts cash against documents Chamber of Commerce circumstances claim compensate documents against payment expired load major merchandize minor modification quotas rebate refund reject storage transit truck/lorry

  1. If any _____ is faulty the buyer can _____ it and demand a _____.

  2. If the goods are damaged in _____, the suppliers may have to _____ the clients. If so, they can make an insurance _____ to recover this cost.

  3. The consignment will be sent by _____ on a RoRo ferry. If there is any damage to the _____, we will offer you a _____ on your next order.

  4. Our own technician can carry out _____ repairs or adjustments. But call the suppliers’ service engineer if a _____ repair or _____ is required.

  5. The guarantee _____ last year and, unfortunately, our service contract was not renewed and is now _____.

  6. Due to unforeseen _____, we couldn’t clear the goods through customs, so we paid a _____ charge while they were held in a bonded warehouse.

  7. Exporters have to know about trade restrictions, such as federal or governmental _____ and _____.

  8. They also have to know the meaning of terms like CAD (_____) and d/p (_____). The local _____ can provide useful advice to exporters.

Ex. 4

There are many ways of attracting customers to your product and keeping your brand name in the public eye. Match the headings with the sentences.

Packaging Personal selling Point of sale advertising Public relations Publicity Sales literature Showrooms Sponsorship Telephone sales Trade fairs and exhibitions Word of mouth

  1. Brochures, leaflets and catalogues can describe your product in more detail and give more information than an advertisement. Potential customers can be sent direct mail.

  2. Displays in retail outlets ( supermarkets, chain stores, etc.) can attract the attention of potential customers.

  3. Labels and presentation increase the impact of your product.

  4. You can contribute to the cost of a sporting or artistic event, where your brand name or logo is displayed prominently.

  5. Potential customers can come to your premises and see a display or a demonstration of your products and get hands-on experience.

  6. Your company takes a stand or mounts an exhibit to enable customers to see your products and talk to your representatives.

  7. The public are informed of a new development through newspaper articles. You can inform the press by issuing press releases.

  8. PR can ensure that your firm keeps a high profile, and that people are aware of your good reputation and image.

  9. Existing customers tell their friends or colleagues about your product and hopefully recommend it to them.

  10. Your staff can call customers, or customers can call toll-free number to request sales literature or ask for information.

  11. Your representative can visit customers: this is the most effective method of promotion, but also the most expensive.

Ex. 5

Fill the gaps with suitable words from the list below.

politics develop measure contribution environmental profit

  1. Many companies do research to _____ ways of reducing air and water pollution.

  2. Next weekend an environmental group is organizing a (an ) _____against dumping of waste into rivers.

  3. This conservation group has a(an) _____ programme which teaches children about endangered species.

  4. Every year we make a(an) _____ to a well-known wildlife association.

  5. The German “Die Grunen” party has a strong influence in green _____ everywhere.

  6. Most major cities _____ the quality of the air every day.

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