- •The Pronoun Personal pronouns
- •Exercises
- •Possessive pronouns
- •Possessives with Parts of the Body
- •Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns
- •Indefinite Pronouns
- •Derivatives
- •Negative pronouns No, none, nothing, no one/ nobody
- •Definite pronouns (each, every, all, either, both, other, another, every-body, - thing)
- •All versus Whole
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •Every, each
- •Much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty
- •There and It
- •Interrogative pronouns ( Who, whose, what, which)
- •The pronoun
- •Indefinite Pronouns:
Negative pronouns No, none, nothing, no one/ nobody
1. We use no + noun. (sing. or pl.). No = not a , not any.
E.g. We had to walk home because there was no bus. (= there wasn’t a bus)
I’m afraid I have got no money. ( I haven’t got any money).
2. None of - before a determiner (the, my, this) - None of the shops were (informal) /was (formal) closed.
- before a pronoun - None of my friends will be at the party.
- on its own. . How much money have you got? – None. (= no money)
- Neither of my parents could be there. (two people or things) Not None of my parents
3. After Nobody= no one you can use they/them/their. No one wished her a happy holiday Not No one of my friends...
No one in the classroom did their homework (= his or her homework)
I saw nobody/no one there. = I didn’t see anybody/anyone there. Who are you speaking to? – Nobody/no one.
4. Nothing.
I saw nothing there. = I didn’t see anything there. What are you doing ? – Nothing.
Remember!
Who said it? – No one/Nobody. What did you do? – Nothing.
How many books did you buy? – None. How much did you pay? – None.
Use none, nobody, nothing as short answers.
What is there in the bag? __________________.Who is there in the room? __________________.
How many were present? ________________How many of you know this poem by heart? ___________________.
How much sugar is left? __________________.Who knows the poem by heart? __________________.
What did she say about it? __________________.How many of them were there? ________________.
Who was present? ___________________.What is there in the cup? _________________.
Change the sentences into negative statements using none, nobody, nothing where suitable.
Many teachers were present in the hall. – None of the …..
Many of us know this song………………………………………………………………….
Many of us have seen that film……………………………………………………………..
Everybody knows about it………………………………………………………………….
We’ve bought much…………………………………………………………………………
Some of my friends collect stamps………………………………………………………….
Use no, nobody, none or nothing.
________________ asked you to come. _________________ of you are my friends. I saw _____________ strange when I arrived. Yes, I have ________________ bananas. __________________knows the trouble I’ve seen. There’s ___________________ more to say. You have __________________ money and I have ______________________.
Definite pronouns (each, every, all, either, both, other, another, every-body, - thing)
All |
Both |
Either |
Neither |
1) generalising pronoun, can be used as:
All my friends/all of my friends… All the flowers/all of the flowers… All of us/them/you… + are… All of us were present. All the flowers in this garden are beautiful.
ALL – WHOLE:
Both can be used with singular nouns to mean ‘complete’, “every part of”: Julie spent the whole week at home/Julie spent all (of) the week at home. My whole life…All (of) my life… All is not normally used before the indefinite article: She’s eaten a whole loaf. With uncountable nouns ALL is preferred: I’ve drunk all the milk. With plural nouns ALL and WHOLE have different meanings: All (все) Indian tribes (=every Indian tribe) suffered from white settlement in America. Whole (целые) Indian tribes (=complete tribes) were killed off. Instead of WHOLE the WHOLE OF can be used: Julie spent the whole of the summer/the whole summer at home. I’ve just read the whole of ‘ War and Peace’ (all of ‘War and Peace’)
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Two things, persons, notions, etc. ( 'the one and the other')
Both seemed very happy.
I talked to both of them.
Remember! Both (of) the restaurants are good. Both (of) these restaurants. Both (of) my parents… I couldn’t decide which of the 2 shirts to buy. I like both (both of them).
auxiliary verb + both am/are/is/was/were + both We can both swim. Those apples were both bad.
both + other verb They both liked the flowers. They have both been invited. Both of the children have gone to bed.
She’s both pretty and clever. (adj.) I spoke to both the Director and her secretary. (nouns) She both dances and sings. (verbs) |
Come on Tuesday or Thursday. Either day is OK.
There are roses on either side (=each) of the door. Remember! Either side… Either of us/you/them/my children (2 persons are meant). Would you like tea or coffee? –I don’t mind. Either. Either… or…(2 or more possibilities): You can have either tea or coffee. I don’t speak either French or German. (used in positive or negative contexts). If you want ice-cream, you can have either coffee, lemon or vanilla (3 choices).
Either of the children is quite capable of looking after the baby. I don’t think either of them is/are at home (are -informal )
If either of the boys phones, tell him/them I’ll be in this evening. Either + noun/pronoun – the later pronoun can be singular (formal) or plural (informal)
I can’t swim – I can’t either.
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('not the one and not the other'). - - Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? – I’m afraid neither day is possible. Neither restaurant is expensive. (Neither of the restaurants is expensive). I asked 2 people the way to the station but neither of them knew. Which one do you want? – Neither. I can’t swim – Neither can I. Neither of the children wants/want to go to bed. Neither … nor… Neither Bob nor Liz came to the party. I neither smoke nor drink.
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