- •The Pronoun Personal pronouns
- •Exercises
- •Possessive pronouns
- •Possessives with Parts of the Body
- •Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns
- •Indefinite Pronouns
- •Derivatives
- •Negative pronouns No, none, nothing, no one/ nobody
- •Definite pronouns (each, every, all, either, both, other, another, every-body, - thing)
- •All versus Whole
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •Every, each
- •Much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty
- •There and It
- •Interrogative pronouns ( Who, whose, what, which)
- •The pronoun
- •Indefinite Pronouns:
Possessive pronouns
Personal forms |
Possessive dependent (присоединяемая) |
Possessive absolute |
I |
my |
mine |
he |
his |
his |
she |
her |
hers |
it |
its |
---- |
you |
your |
yours |
we |
our |
ours |
they |
their |
theirs |
Dependent possessives: My room… His father… Her book… Its tail, etc.
Absolute possessives:
1) That coat is mine. Which car is yours? 2) Can I borrow your keys? I can’t find mine. (my keys)
3) This is yours, and that is hers. (situation)
Whose car is this? – It’s mine (It’s my car). Whose books are these? – His. (They/these are his books).
He is my friend. (at least one friend) He is a friend of mine. (one of the friends I have)
How’s that brother of yours? He is a cousin of the Queen’s. She is a friend of my mother’s. Have you heard this new idea of the boss’s. My work is no business of yours.
Note: I don’t like that friend of yours. (emotional, negative – не нравится мне этот ваш друг)
Where is this friend of yours? (emotional, positive)
Possessives with Parts of the Body
normally used with parts of the body and clothes:
Emma shook her head sadly. You must take off your shoes before you enter a mosque (мечеть).
in prepositional phrases THE is used: when we speak about pains, blows and other things that happen to parts of the body:
Someone grabbed me by the arm. The stone hit Mike on the head. She’s got a pain in the shoulder.
Note: Possessives are more frequent in English than in Russian, especially when identifying parts of the body, clothes, relatives and personal belongings. In such cases they are either not translated into Russian or translated with the help of the word “свой”.
I brought my book (Я принес свою книгу). He brought his book. (Он принес свою книгу).
Cf. Ann cut her finger. (Анна порезала палец). Breathe through your nose. (Дышите через нос)
Possessives + OWN: when we say that something belongs to us:
Rachel has got her own calculator. She doesn’t borrow mine. I don’t share any more. I’ve got a flat of my own.
I. Translate the sentences into Russian. I have had my hair cut. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. The boy put up his hand. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Take a deep breath through your nose…………………………………………………………………………………… We passed our examinations. …………………………………………………………………………………………… She combed her hair. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. We usually put salt on our food. ………………………………………………………………………………………… He always keeps his promises……..…………………………………………………………………………………….. I lost my umbrella. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. I looked at his son. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Have you any sugar in your tea? …………………………………………………………………………………………
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II. Put in my, his, her, its, our, your, their. Ann is Nick’s friend. She is ____ friend, too. I wear gloves on ____ hands. Put ____ notebooks on the teacher’s desk. Mary helps ___ mother. This is not Ann’s pencil.. ___ pencil is blue. The pupils are in the classroom. ____ coats and bags are there. He has a spot on ____ hat. I’m looking at the boy. I can see _____ cap. The mouse came out of ____ hole.
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III. Inset the missing pronouns. Model: My pen won’t write. – My pen won’t write. Will you lend me yours? Please lend me a book. I left ___________ at home. Tell him not to forget his bag. She mustn’t forget _____. Our house is older than ____ but it is better. It’s not your sister’s pen. ____ is blue. Your holidays are finished but ____ are not. Will you lend me your knife? I left ____ at home. Have you had your tea? We’ve already had _____. The parcel in your hand is _____. So give it to them. |
IV. Paraphrase according to the model. Model: His name and my name.- His name and mine. Your book and her book. …………………………………... Our friend and your friend. ………………………………… Her brother and my brother. ………………………………. His flat and your flat. ……………………………………… Your coat and his coat. ……………………………………. Your letter and her letter. ………………………………… Their house and my house…………………………………
Model: The dog belongs to us. The dog is ours. The book belongs to her. …………………………………… The house belongs to them. ………………………………... The pencil belongs to him. …………………………………. The shoes belong to me. ……………………………………. This bicycle belongs to you. ……………………………….. These coats belong to us. …………………………………... These bags belong to them. …………………………………
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V. Paraphrase using absolute possessives. Model: That is her pencil. – That pencil is hers. This is my picture. ………………………………………….. That is their garden. ………………………………………... Those are his brothers. ……………………………………... This is our classroom……………………………………….. That is your school. ………………………………………… Is this your bag? ……………………………………………. These are his sisters. ………………………………………..
Model: Their mother is older than …. Their mother is older than ours. My brother is younger than ….………………………………. … My hat is more beautiful than …. . …………………………….. My chair is bigger than …..…………………………………….. His book is cheaper than …. . ………………………………….. Her room is smaller than ….. …………………………………… Your apple trees are better than ….. . …………………………... Their garden is not as big as ……………………………………. My father is stronger than … …………………………………..
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VIII. Its or It’s. Put in the correct form. Unfortunately, the town has lost ____ only cinema. The meeting won’t last long. I’ll see you when ____ over. You should return the book to ____ owner immediately. We’d like to go out for a walk, but ____ raining. I’m not buying this tablecloth because ____ got a hole in it. The board has decided that Zedco needs to improve ___ image.
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IX. Parts of the body and clothes. Put in possessives or THE. I was doing keep-fit exercises when I fell down and hurt ___ leg. Matthew served, and the ball hit Daniel on ___ knee. A wasp stung me on ___ neck. It really hurt. The mother put both ___ arms around the child. Aunt Joan kissed Emma on ___ cheek. The fans were all shouting at the top of ___ voices. Don’t just stand there with ____ hands in ____ pockets. |