2. Answer the following questions.

1. What does a pessimist always expect?

2. Why do pessimists think the today’s cars are in trouble?

3. What do pessimists say about the car of the future?

4. What are optimists sure of?

5. What do optimists think of the tomorrow’s car?

3. Retell the above text. Text 7. Different types of engines and fuel part 1

WORDLIST

motor – автомобиль, двигатель; автомобильный

motor vehicle – автомобиль, автотранспортное средство

vehicle – транспортное средство

motorcycle – мотоцикл

engine – двигатель

air-cooled engine – двигатель с воздушным охлаждением

water-cooled engine – двигатель с водяным охлаждением

radiator – радиатор

1. Read and translate the text.

There is no motor vehicle without an engine. Can you tell me the difference between the engines in a car and in a motorcycle?

As far as I know both vehicles have engines. There is the difference between the types of engines. A motorcycle has an air-cooled engine and there is a water-cooled engine in a car. A water-cooled engine always has a radiator. But there is no radiator in the motorcycle. An air-cooled engine never has a radiator.

2. Retell the above text. Part 2

WORDLIST

petrol – бензин

diesel – дизельное топливо

two-stroke – двухтактный

four-stroke – четырёхтактный

spark – искра

spark plug – свеча зажигания

fuel – топливо

injector – инжектор, форсунка

valve – клапан

oil – масло

oil sump – маслосборник

1. Read and translate the text.

All motor vehicles have an engine. There are two types of engines. There are petrol engines and there are diesel engines. There are two engines in the diagram.

There is a two-stroke petrol engine on the left. There is a four-stroke diesel engine on the right. There are spark plugs in all petrol engines. Diesel engines do not have spark plugs. They have fuel injectors.

There are always valves in 4-stroke diesel engines. There are no valves in 2-stroke petrol engines. A 2-strokepetrol engine never has valves.

There is no oil sump in a 2-stroke engine. There is oil in the fuel. The 4-stroke engines have an oil sump. There is no oil in the fuel.

2. Retell the above text. Part 3

1. Read and translate the text.

There are some basic types of fuel for motor vehicles. There is diesel fuel, there is petrol and there is fuel mixture.

Most motorcycles have two-stroke petrol engines. But there a few motorcycles with four-stroke petrol engines. There are no motorcycles with diesel engines.

A lot of buses have diesel engines but only a few cars have such engines. There are also a few cars with two- stroke engines but most cars have four-stroke petrol engines.

Most lorries have diesel engines. There are not many lorries with four-stroke petrol engines but there no lorries with two-stroke engines.

A lot of engines are at the front of the car. A few engines are at the back and very few are in the middle.

2. Retell the above text. Text 8. Fuel

Words and word combinations:

internal combustion engine – двигатель внутреннего сгорания

to experience – зд. происходить, случаться

certain specified conditions – точно определенные условия

fuel – топливо

service – работа, срок службы

to burn – гореть, жечь

proper – правильный

consumption – расход

storage – хранение

knocking – детонация, стучание

wear - износ

to warm up – разогревать

gasoline – бензин

to deteriorate – ухудшаться, портиться

to cause – вызывать, быть причиной.

lack of power – падение мощности

troubles – затруднение, неполадки

Exercise 1. Translate the text.

I. The choice of fuel may seriously affect the life and service of a tractor each internal combustion engine is known to be designed for burning a certain kind of fuel; that is why the fuel to be used in an engine must be the proper one.

2. If a fuel that is not correct for the engine is used continually, many difficulties are likely to be experienced: lack of power, over he at lag, excessive fuel consumption, knocking, rapid wear, and other troubles.

3. Some engines are designed to use two kinds of fuel, under certain specified conditions. Two-fuel engines are ordinarily expected to be started and warmed up on gasoline, and to be operated at work on a heavier fuel /distillate or tractor fuel/.

4. We know fuel to deteriorate rapidly if the fuel is not stored properly. Heat and moisture are taken to be the chief factors causing deterioration of fuel in storage. Underground storage is found to provide relatively stable temperature.

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