- •Часть II
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 Oil exploration
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pay attention to the pronunciation the following words.
- •2. Read the text “Exploration methods” and fulfill the exercises. Exploration Methods
- •Elements of a petroleum prospect
- •Terms used in petroleum evaluation
- •3. Give definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Find English equivalents to the following Russian sentences.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •6. Pronounce the following terms. Pay attention to the letters in bold.
- •7. Scan the text “Finding oil» and answer the after-text questions Finding Oil
- •8. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •9. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •10. Read the text “How to find oil” and fulfill the exercises. How to Find Oil
- •11. Form adjectives and nouns from the following verbs.
- •12. Give the Russian equivalent to the following terms.
- •13. Give the English equivalent to the Russian term.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •15. Read the text “Geological Prospecting” and fulfill the exercises. Geological Prospecting
- •16. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •17. Draw a diagram of geological prospecting and describe it.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 2 oil extraction
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the underlined stress.
- •2. The following words and phrases appear in the text.
- •3. Complete the following table. The final column of the table should be completed by filling the word class judging by its position in relation to other words and its function in the text.
- •4. Read the text “How to Extract Oil” and fulfill the exercises. How to Extract Oil
- •10. Match the words with their definitions.
- •11. Work in pairs. Ask your partner the following questions.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 3 reservoir rock properties
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •2. Read the text “Hydrocarbon traps” and fulfill the exercises.
- •Hydrocarbon Traps
- •3. Say whether the following statements are true or false. If false, correct them according to the text.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •5. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the letters in bold and the underlined stress.
- •6. Read the text “Migration and accumulation of petroleum” and fulfill the exercises. Migration and Accumulation of Petroleum
- •7. Form adjectives and nouns from the following verbs.
- •8. Give Russian equivalents to the following English ones.
- •9. Define the following terms.
- •11. Answer the following questions.
- •12. Put a preposition into the following gaps.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •13. Detailed reading. Read the text “Porosity” and fulfill the exercises. Porosity
- •14. Give the Russian equivalents to the English ones.
- •15. State the synonyms to the following terms.
- •16. Translate the following sentences.
- •17. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •18. Read the text “Permeability” and fulfill the exercises. Permeability
- •Factors affecting the magnitude of permeability
- •19. Find the words to the following definitions and translate them into Russian.
- •20. Match the word phrases in the left column with the word phrases in the right. Find them in the text and write these sentences out. Give Russian equivalent to the English ones.
- •21. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
- •22. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •23. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the letters in bold.
- •24. Read the text Wettability” and fulfill the exercises. Wettability
- •25. Give the Russian equivalents to the English ones.
- •26. Read the sentences and decide whether they are True (t) or False (f). If false, correct the statement.
- •27. Answer the following questions and find the proof in the text.
- •28. Complete the sentences using the terms of the text.
- •29. Work in pairs. Compose dialogues describing primary and secondary hydrocarbon migration using the terminology of the text and communicative formulae (pg. 19).
- •30. You have to give a lecture on reservoir rock properties. Two groups work out presentations on this topic. Wordlist
- •Unit 4
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Read the text “Coring” and fulfill the exercises. Coring
- •Drill Stem Tests
- •2. Define the following terms with their similar meaning in Russian.
- •3. Give the Russian equivalent to the following terms.
- •4. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •5. Read the text “(Wire) Well Logging Techniques” and fulfill the exercises.
- •7. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words.
- •8. Complete the sentences using the following terminology.
- •Several types of measurements produce information on formation rock ______ _______, density, radioactivity, porosity, ______ , _______, fluid saturation and permeability.
- •______ _______ Invades the rock surrounding the wellbore, affects the logging of the hole and must be accounted for.
- •______ _______ Measure formation radioactivity.
- •9. Answer the following questions.
- •11. Scan the text “Well stimulation”. Find the particular information:
- •Well Stimulation
- •Acidizing
- •12. Groupwork. Discuss the above given task. Use the communicative formulae (pg. 19)
- •13. Pay attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •14. Read the text “Drive Mechanisms” and fulfill the exercises. First study the following specific term definitions to help you understand the text.
- •Drive Mechanisms
- •1. Water drive; 2. Dissolved – gas drive 3. Gas – cap drive
- •15. Give synonyms to the following words.
- •16. Define the following terms.
- •17. State whether the following statements are true or false.
- •18. Answer the following questions.
- •19. In pairs discuss advantages and disadvantages of drive mechanisms you know.
- •Wordlist
- •Appendix using oil
- •References
- •Часть II
3. Say whether the following statements are true or false. If false, correct them according to the text.
1. Hydrocarbon traps are considered to be ones enclosed between permeable rocks.
2. Hydrocarbon traps occurred as a result of diatrophism.
3. Porous, permeable formation isn’t surrounded by impermeable rocks.
4. Oil and gas are trapped at the bottom of the anticline.
5. The hydrocarbon trap is not filled to the spill point.
6. The existence of a distinct gas zone at the top of the reservoir is allowed.
7. The gas-oil contact is the deepest level of producible gas.
8. The gas-oil and water-oil contacts are generally tilted.
4. Answer the following questions and give more \ extra information.
1. Why are hydrocarbon traps enclosed between impermeable rocks?
2. Is there a porous formation in an anticline trap?
3. Where are oil and gas trapped?
4. Are transition zones important in oil and gas entrapment?
5. When is the gas - oil contact the deepest level of producible gas?
6. Why are gas – oil and water – oil contacts tilted?
Terms and Vocabulary
primary migration |
первичная миграция |
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secondary migration |
вторичная миграция |
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interstitial (fluids), water |
флюиды, циркулирующие в пустотах горных пород |
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subsidence |
оседание; опускание породы |
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bulk density |
средняя плотность |
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cohesive strength |
прочность сцепления |
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precipitates – precipitation |
осадок – осаждение |
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salinity |
солёность |
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capillary pressure |
капиллярное давление |
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tortuosity |
сложность поровых каналов |
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distinct droplet |
капля |
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interfacial tension |
интерфациальное натяжение |
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adhesion |
адгезия \ прилипание ( вледствие смачивания) |
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wettability |
смачиваемость |
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contact angle |
угол касания \ краевой угол (смачивания) |
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fluid flow |
движение (поток) флюидов |
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release (fluids) |
выделение (флюидов) |
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pore size distribution |
распределение пор по размерам (в породе) |
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pore throat |
горловина пор |
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displace(v) – displacement |
вытеснять – вытеснение; смещение |
leading pore |
«ведущая» пора |
trailing pore |
«отстающая» пора |
entry (pressure) |
вход (входное давление – минимальное вытеснение из пористой среды одной жидкости другой) |
filament (s) |
капилляр (ы) |
outcrop |
обнажение пород \ выход пластов на дневную поверхность |
oil seep |
выход нефти |
uplift |
давление воды снизу |
tar pit |
смоляная яма |
caprock |
кепрок (вышезалегающая экранирующая порода) |
retain(v) |
удержать |
light hydrocarbon(s) shale originate (v) compaction fine-grained displacement pressure constriction |
лёгкий углеводород сланец происходить, возникать уплотнение мелкозернистый давление вытеснения сжатие, сокращение |