III. Answer the following questions:

1. What was the result of using steels with inadequate fracture toughness?

2. When were steels with good properties used?

3. What is shipbuilding?

4. Modern shipbuilding makes considerable use of prefabricated sections, doesn’t it?

5. What steels were used since 1950?

6. What is known as Block Construction?

IV. Translate the text “Marine engineers.”

Marine Engineers are the members of a ship's crew that operate and maintain the propulsion and other systems onboard the vessel. Marine Engineering staff also deal with the "Hotel" facilities onboard, notably the sewage, lighting, air conditioning and water systems. They deal with bulk fuel transfers, and require training in firefighting and first aid, as well as in dealing with the ship's boats and other nautical tasks- especially with cargo loading/discharging gear and safety systems, though the specific cargo discharge function remains the responsibility of deck officers and deck workers.

Sometimes, they are involved in the design and construction of these complicated systems. New design is mostly included within the naval architecture or ship design. The field is closely related to mechanical engineering, although the modern engineer requires knowledge (and hands on experience) with electrical, electronic, pneumatic, hydraulic, chemistry, control engineering, naval architecture, process engineering, gas turbines and even nuclear technology on certain military vessels.

V. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:

1. Shipbuilding is an attractive industry for developing nations.

2. In the 1970s Korea made shipbuilding a strategic industry.

3. The world shipbuilding market suffers from over – capacities, depressed prices, low profit margins, trade distortions and wide – spread subsidization.

4. South Korea is the world’s largest shipbuilding nation in terms of tonnage and numbers of vessels built.

5. Japan used shipbuilding in the 1950s and 1960s to rebuild its industrial structure.

VI. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

1. Современные суда, примерно с 1940 г., производятся только из сварной стали.

2. С 1950 г. для кораблестроения используется специальная сталь ABS с хорошими свойствами.

3. Современное кораблестроение широко использует заводские детали: целые части корпуса или надстройку, которые будут построены на судоверфи, транспортированы в строительный док или стапель, а затем доставлены на место.

4. Кораблестроение – важная и стратегически важная промышленность в ряде стран по всему миру.

5. Япония использовала кораблестроение в 1950 г., а в 1960 г. перестроила свою структуру промышленности.

VII. Use the words and word combinations in the sentences of your own:

To be produced from welded steel, to suffer catastrophic brittle fracture cracks, to use for ship construction, to make use of prefabricated sections, to minimize the effort, to be required by a shipyard, to offer a wide range of technologies.