Text a. Indications for a tooth Extraction.

The teeth are subjected to many uses, which may cause small or large injuries. Even mastication may produce wear and caries and cause destruction of the teeth requiring its extraction. This occurs in spite of the fact that teeth are built to resist mechanical injury, being covered by the hardest tissue of the body, enamel, and supported by a more elastic structure, dentine. Indication for a tooth extraction may be urgent or planned. Acute inflammatory process in a periodontium, aggravating in spite of the treatment; inflammatory process in a body tissue (acute, osteomyelitis) are urgent indications for a tooth extraction.

The main indications for a planned operation for tooth extraction are:

• impossibility of carrying on treatment procedures, directed on saving the tooth, having pathological process in it or in the adjacent tissues;

• full destruction of a tooth crown, if the root is useless for dentition;

• surgical operations for cysts or the jaws and some tumours of the alveoli and jaw, and so on.

Ex. 7. State the ing-form:

1. By having extracted the bad tooth a dentist prevented the development of abscess in a periodontal chink.

2. Having come into a periodontal chink through a tooth canal the infection caused a serious inflammation.

3. The opening of a cyst will prevent the complication of the purulent periodontosis.

Ex.8. Translate from Russian into English in a written form:

1. Хирургическая стоматология - это наука о заболеваниях ротовой полости, черепных костей, а также тканей прилегающих областей лица и шеи. 2. Хирургическая стоматология тесно связана с клиническими дисциплинами. 3. Хронические воспаления ротовой полости и тканей челюстно-лицевой области могут являться этиологическими факторами некоторых внутренних заболеваний. 4. Различные травмы могут вызвать разрушение зубов, а иногда переломы челюсти. 5. Наиболее частыми источниками воспалительных процессов челюстно-лицевого отдела ротовой полости является периодонтоз.

Home assignments.

Ex. 1. Make up 5 questions to the text.

Ex.2. Make up a story of indications for a tooth extraction.

LESSON 4

Preparations for a Tooth Extraction and Other Operations.

Grammar: Functions of the infinitive.

Word formation: suffixes of parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, verbs).

Ex.1. Read and translate the words of the "Vocabulary"

Vocabulary

to prepare подготовить

to scrub-up чистить

soap мыло

running проточный

to rinse ополаскивать

to sponge протирать

to paint смазывать

twice дважды

nails ногти

a mask маска

a cap шапочка

a gown халат

rubber gloves резиновые перчатки

overshoes бахилы

to evacuate очистить

to avoid избежать

vomiting рвота

to shave брить

sheet простыня

bare голый, свободный от одежды.

Ex 2. Read and translate the following word combinations.

A scrub-up room; the operating room; a running water; hot running water; a solution of ammonium chloride; a sterile mask and cap; a sterile gown, sheet; operative field; intratracheal (local) anesthesia; fall asleep.

Ex.3. Read and translate the text; make apian of it.

Ex.4. Find out and translate sentences with a) ing-form; b) modal verbs; c) Passive Voice; d) infinitive.