Vocabulary Notes.

to ascribe - приписывать

implement - принадлежность

Orient - Древний Восток

worms - черви

arsenic - мышъяк

odontalgia - зубная боль

pre-public - грудной

grated garlic - тёртый чеснок

salt-peter - селитра

neuter - прижигание

maxibustion - прижигание хлопком

toothpick - зубочистка

tongue-scraper - языкочистка

Exercises:

1. Дайте английские эквиваленты следующим русским словам: Сельскохозяйственные орудия; лечебные свойства; зубные черви;

населённый; зубная боль; очищение желудка; обработка рта; массаж;

считалось хорошим средством; пилюли от зубной боли; мельчайшие

ингредиенты; растёртые кости мышей; расшатывание зубов; с помощью

прижигания.

2. Найдите в тексте предложения, эквиваленты следующим предложениям:

• Занятие медициной в Китае имеет очень давнюю историю.

• Они думали, что зубные черви - это крошечные черви белого цвета с чёрной головкой, которых можно рассмотреть в момент удаления зуба, и которые легко гибнут от дезинфектицидов.

• Древние китайцы знали применения мышьяка от зубных болезней.

• Классификация её (зубной боли) дана с точки зрения патогенеза, а очищение кишечника, обработка рта и массажа являются способами лечения этой болезни.

• Мужчины должны были использовать для ингаляции левую ноздрю, а женищины - правую.

• Употребление языкочистки пришло в Китай из Индии.

3. Расскажите:

• Who was the "Father of Medicine" in ancient China and why?

• What did ancient Chinese think about the cause of caries and its treatment?

• What means did the ancient Chinese use to treat odontalgia?

• What have you got know about the means of oral hygiene of the ancient Chinese?

Japan.

We have exact documentary information about the age in the history of Japan when the practice of mouth rinsing began to be started. It probably derived from the rituals of tribute to the Shintoistic Shrine. Prior to exposure of Japan to Buddhism through the intermediacy of China (a. D. 538), Japan had native religion called Shintoism, and anyone going to shrine was required to purify his hands and mouth by water from a spring usually constructed on the shrine compounds. This practice of oral ablution is generally to find its way into daily life of the people as means of dental hygiene.

In old Japan there was a popular practice of staining black the teeth of married woman with a specially prepared dye. This practice was called Ohagura or the tooth blackening. We have no documentary evidence as to when this practice came into general use, but many references to it are found in the pages of Japanese classing, such as Genji-Monogatary (the Tales of Lady Murasaki, 1008), Makuranososhi (the Book of Pillow, 1000) and Murasaki - Shikibunikki (the Dairy of Murasaki, 1010).

From this we presume that this practice had been well established by the time when these writings were published.

Another interesting superstition connected with dentistry which is still within the memory of the present writer, is that when ever one complained of toothache, he was to take a pear over a river and drop it into with an oath that wound not touch the fruit for a year in exchange for a cure of one's pain in the teeth.