3. An English-speaking friend called and invited you to dinner, but you don’t feel like going. What might you say? Act out the dialogue.

Peter: Hallo, is that you Igor?

Igor: Hallo, Peter. I was invited by you at dinner, but I can’t be present.

Peter: Oh, why you can’t be present at dinner?

Igor: Because I felt very bad. I couldn’t even get up.

Peter: What was the matter with you?

Igor: I don’t know, I haven’t seen the doctor yet. I had a high temperature.

Peter: O, it is a pity!

Igor: The doctor must come today. I feel I should stay in bed for a few days. I’m very sorry I have to miss our meeting.

Peter: That’s all right. You mustn’t come if you are ill. You should certainly stay in bed. Can I come to see you today?

Igor: Certainly. Please come after 15.00 o’clock.

Peter: I’m sorry, but after institution I have to go to the job. I have some problem.

Igor: Are this problem serious?

Peter: Yes. It is problem with our buyer.

Igor: I hope, that you decided this problem for the next week.

Peter: Yes, but why are you asking?

Igor: Because I want invited you to dinner for the next week.

Peter: Ok!

Igor: So, I rang you up. Ok?

Peter: Yes, I will be waiting. So, get better!

Igor: Thank you. Please forgive me that I can’t come.

Peter: I understand you. Bye!

Igor: Bye!

4. Are the age and status of the person you are speaking to influence the forms of greeting, introductions and saying good-bye?

The age and status of the person which we are speaking influence the forms of our greeting, introduction and saying good-bye.

Everyone, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, education, the posts should follow basic rules of linguistic etiquette, because the level of linguistic culture as evidence of breeding, courtesy of the man. Anyone who brings two people for each others, must not only call their name and second name, but the position, title and other necessary data in this situation.

At the introduction you should behave yourself decently. Do not interrupt your interlocutor in a conversation, refer for him to "Your". You should using polite form, when you saying good-bye. You should know basic rules of communication.

Basic rules of communication are:

1. Always be polite, friendly and treat with respect to your interlocutor.

2. Be able to listen others and never interrupt them.

3. Do not be afraid to initiate conversation with strangers, but not to be obsessions.

4. Speak about what will be interested your listeners, consider their age, status, character and interest.

5. Use the different forms in your communication: ” Please”, “Sorry”, “Do not be offended”, “ Could you?”, “Unfortunately”, follow the structure of your language.

6. Try that communication with you will be helpful and pleasant for people.

7. Always smile.

5. How do English-speaking people get attention, clarify topics, avoid topics and interrupt? Give examples.

Get attention:

A critical psychological element of exerting influence is first gaining the audience’s attention. The factors listed below describe the things to which people tend to give attention. You can use these elements in your introduction to gain attention and throughout your message to hold attention.

The following stimuli gain attention:

1. Activity.

2. Reality.

3. Proximity.

4. Familiarity.

5. Novelty.

6. Suspense.

7. Conflict.

8. Humor.

9. The vital.

In addition to the factors above, use the following to hold attention:

1. Diversity.

2. Utility.

3. Similarity.

4. Cueing.

Clarify topic:

Clarifying Questions are simple questions of fact. They clarify the dilemma and provide the nuts and bolts so that the participants can ask good probing questions and provide useful feedback later in the protocol. Clarifying questions are for the participants, and should not go beyond the boundaries of the presenter’s dilemma. They have brief, factual answers, and don’t provide any new “food for thought” for the presenter. The litmus test for a clarifying question is: Does the presenter have to think before she answers? If so, it’s almost certainly a probing question.

Some examples of clarifying questions:

How much time does the project take?

How were the students grouped?

What resources did the students have available for this project?

Probing Questions are intended to help the presenter think more deeply about the issue at hand. If a probing question doesn’t have that effect, it is either a clarifying question or a recommendation with an upward inflection at the end. If you find yourself saying “Don’t you think you should …?” you’ve gone beyond probing questions. The presenter often doesn’t have a ready answer to a genuine probing question.

Avoid topic:

As women, we have all noticed how quickly a man can become turned off, but sometimes we fail to understand why he just went cold. Well ladies, did you know that there are particular topics that can really upset the man that you are dating? If you are newly dating or especially if you are going on your first date, there are a few topics that you should absolutely avoid. In this article, we will go over the three topics that will turn men off.

First of all, past relationships are the most apparent topic to keep away from, for it is well known that men absolutely detest hearing stories about exes. It will cause him to feel incredibly jealous, so you may want go easy on your ex-partner. Although the ex- partner may be well deserving of your verbal lashings as he probably really did break your heart, there is really no need to tell your new man these tales of tragedy.

Secondly, Marriage is the second of the three topics that will turn men off. Most men become turned off by talk about marriage because it represents a huge commitment. To them commitment means that they will have to throw in the towel on their bachelor lifestyle, lose their freedom and possibly themselves for the relationship. However, this does not mean that he will not commit to you; he just wants to get to know you a little bit better before deciding to take such a huge step. So chose the right time to discuss this issue very carefully, or better yet, wait for him to bring it up. Sometimes men feel more at ease with this topic if they are the ones who initiate it.

Finally, the third of the three topics that will turn men off is money. It's very rude to discuss money with the new person that you are dating because he will think that you only want him for that reason. It will also embarrass him if he feels that he doesn't earn enough or as much money as you do, especially in the beginning of a relationship. Just don't do it!

Interrupt:

Sometimes you do not want to be interrupted, perhaps because you have something important to say or perhaps because the other person has kept interrupting you for little good reason beforehand.

Remember also that interruptions may be to seek or give useful information and that they are a normal part of conversation, and not a slight to your character. Be cautious, then, in how often and when you power through the interruptions of others.

Don't send signals

When you are talking, you may be sending non-verbal signals that invite the other person to interrupt. Beyond pauses, these include:

Raising eyebrows

Open body language

Relaxed body language

Submissive body language

Your speech getting slower

Your speech getting quieter

If you can control your body language and speech, then you may offer less invitations. You probably cannot remove all signals, but if you are thinking 'no signals' then this will help too.

Ignore signals

When they send signals that they want to interrupt, simply ignore them. Carry on regardless, perhaps even doing such as increasing your speed or volume to signal back that you are not ready to be interrupted. This can be done in varying levels of politeness, from assertively saying 'can I finish' without pause in the continuous stream of words, to asking the other person nicely and waiting for permission.

...and when we reach – can I finish – the end of the year...

- Sorry, Mike, I won't be long –

- Jen, you've made your point, now it's my turn –

- I'm sorry. I do want to hear your viewpoint. Is it ok if I finish the explanation first? – thanks –

Good example of it, when English-speaking people say “Excuse me ”, not as an apology to the people, as a means of get attention.