Вариант 5
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s, какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
People grow plants for many purposes.
Our farm plants some of the crops in autumn.
Farm animals fill an important place in man’s life.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. Summer pastures provide feed and exercise for the cows.
2. In many countries tractors perform most of the difficult field work.
3. Barley straw will not be used for bedding.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
Milk is one of the best sources of calcium.
The most important group of farm animals is cattle.
Less milk was produced by this farm last year.
4. The climate of Africa is hotter than that of Europe.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод местоимений.
No animal will live without water.
Some farmers breed only cattle.
3. Nobody knows anything about it.
4. She is a friend of mine.
V. Заполните пропуски нужной формой глагола to be или to have (got). Предложения переведите.
1. There…many different breeds of dairy and beef cattle.
2. Pasture…very important for the animals during summer.
3. This family…a small sheep farm.
4. Meat…as nutritious as milk and eggs.
5. Minerals…many vital functions in the body.
VI. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы. Переведите предложения, учитывая значения модальных глаголов.
The feed for young farm animals must be nutritious.
Man can prevent the loss of moisture from soil by proper cultivation or by irrigation.
Our aim is to increase milk yields.
You should give enough water to the animals.
The bull may be kept in a box-stall in the barn.
VII. В разделе а) раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в нужное время. В каждом предложении раздела б) определите видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Все предложения переведите на русский язык a)
1. There (to be) many cattle breeds in the USA.
2. They (to do) this work tomorrow.
3. They (to milk) the cows already.
b)
1. They are working in the field now.
2. He has already fed the animals when I came.
3. When the summer comes, we will work on the farm.
VIII. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 и 5 абзацы текста.
DUCKS, GEESE, TURKEYS
1. Ducks. Ducks are also very useful because they provide meat, eggs, feathers and down. Ducks belong to the family of water-fowls and are mostly bred near water, where they can swim, find plenty of duckweed and other vegetation to eat and many small animals. Ducks bred for the table grow very quickly and reach a weight of about 2 kg. when 2 months old.
2. The domestic breeds are all descended from the wild Mallard. While retaining many characteristics of their ancestors, improved characteristics have been bred into them. Ducks today are bigger and fatter, have lost their migratory instinct and lay more eggs.
The finest of all table breeds, the White Pekin Duck, was bred in China.
3. Geese. Geese are also very easy and profitable to keep. Except during the winter they can graze on meadows and pastures, and do not require additional feeding. In autumn, after the grain crops are harvested, they can be pastured in the fields.
4. Domestic geese are the descendants of wild Grey Geese, but the breed has been greatly improved. They are larger and fatter, and have largely lost the ability to fly. Because they are provided with adequate food throughout the four seasons of the year, they have completely lost the urge to migrate.
5. There are quite a number of fine table breeds in Russia, for instance the Arzamas Geese, and various crosses between local and Chinese species.
IX. Прочтите 4-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос:
1. In what way have geese and ducks changed since domestication?
ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
GREAT BRITAIN
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The area of the UK is 244,000 sq km and its population is 57 million people.
Great Britain has a maritime climate. British winters are mild. Summers are cold and rainy. Fogs often occur in autumn and in winter.
Most people live in cities and towns. Great Britain is a country of numerous cities. Birmingham is one of the largest cities in the country. It is well known for its high-quality steels, cars, aircraft, machinery and electrical engineering equipment.
Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is a great producer of coal and steel. Great Britain has shipbuilding, machine building, automobile industry, chemicals, textiles and others. The industries are concentrated in the central part of the country. Ibis is the so-called “Black Country”. South-eastern England has less rain, more sun and more fertile soil. This part of the country is an old commercial and agricultural region and is called “Green England” for its fields.
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The monarch has very little power and can only reign with the support of Parliament. Parliament consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
THE USA
The United States of America lies in the central part of the North American Continent with the Atlantic Ocean to the East, the Pacific Ocean to the West, Canada to the North and Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to the South.
The USA covers the area of about 3,000,000 square miles. The population of the country is 250 million people.
The climate of the country is varied. One can find high mountains and prairies, tropical heat and arctic cold, valleys and deserts because the country occupies nearly half of the continent.
The USA is a highly developed industrial country. The main branches of industry are electronic, electrical, metallurgical, textile, chemical and many others. The largest cities of the USA are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago and others.
The USA is a federation of 50 states, which was established by the Constitution in 1787. Each state has its own government and its own capital city. The Federal Government is headed by the President and the Congress consisting of Senate and the House of Representatives.
CANADA
Canada occupies a great part of the North American Continent. 1’lie area is about 9 million square kilometers and it is the second largest country in the world.
Most of Northern Canada has sub arctic and arctic climate. Long cold winters last 8-Il months and summers are very short. But in the South the climate is temperate.
There are many lakes in Canada. The biggest of them are the Great Lakes, which are on the US-Canada border. Niagara Falls attracts a lot of tourists from all over the world.
Canada is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. It is a world leader in the production of nickel, asbestos and other minerals. Canada has an ideal climate for growing wheat and barley. It is among the world’s leading wheat producers and is second in the export of wheat.
The population of Canada is 24 million people. English and French are the official languages of Canada and have equal status and equal rights. Canada is a federation often provinces and two northern territories.
Ottawa is the capital of Canada with the population of 800,000 people.
RUSSIA
Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. It occupies an area of 17 million square kilometers. Russia is washed by three oceans and twelve seas and borders on fourteen countries.
The population of the country is about 150 million people. Russia is a constitutional republic with President as Head of State. It is one of the leading powers in the world.
The climate of the country varies greatly. The coldest regions are situated in the North and the climate here is arctic. The climate of the central part is continental and in the South, it is subtropical.
If you look at the map of Russia, you will see the highest mountains in the Caucasus and the Altai, the Urals, separating Europe from Asia, many river and large lakes. The longest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Lena in Asia. Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and it has the purest water on earth.
Russia is a highly developed industrial country; Russia is very rich in natural resources such as oil, coal, gas, gold, diamonds and others. It has the largest oil and gas resources, concentrated in Siberia and Far East. It produces cars, machinery, chemicals, textile and many other items.
In 1957, our country successfully launched the world’s first satellite. The first manned spaceship “Vostok” piloted by Yuri Gagarin, the citizen of Russia, was launched on April 12, 1961. It opened a new era in the history of mankind.
LONDON
London is the capital of Great Britain. It is situated on the river Thames. It is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is about 9 million people.
In the West End, there are many famous museums, theatres, palaces and parks. The British Museum is one of the most famous museums in the world. It contains the most important collection of things from Greece and Egypt, including the famous Egyptian mummies. The West End includes Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus and the main shopping areas of Oxford Street, Regent Street and Bond Street.
The Houses of Parliament built in the 19th century, are the place where the English Government sits. Big Ben is the name given to the clock and the bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament. The great bell weighs thirteen and a half tons. Buckingham Palace is the home of Britain’s Kings and Queens. Every day a lot of tourists come to see the ceremony of Changing the Guard in front of Buckingham Palace.
The East End grew with the spread of industries to the east of the City, and the growth of the port of London. It is one of those areas of London where people from abroad have come to find work. The East End is especially famous as the centre of the clothing industry in London.
MOSCOW
Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is one of the oldest Russian cities. Moscow was founded in 1147 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
Moscow became the capital of the young Soviet Republic in 1918. Now it’s the largest political, scientific and cultural centre. The population of Moscow is about 10 million people. There are more than 80 institutes of higher education in Moscow. The Moscow State University is the centre of our educational system.
There are many places of interest in Moscow. The Kremlin standing on the bank of the Moscow River is the oldest part of the city. It was built under the tzar Ivan III in the fifteenth century. Moscow is famous for its theatres and museums. The Bolshoi and Maly theatres, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Andrey Rublev Museum and others are well known all over the world.
The Moscow Metro is comfortable and very fast. The first line of the Moscow Metro was constructed in 1935. Since that time, Muscovites have built many new lines and terminals.