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Accounting

  1. Are you an accountant? Does that mean you spend your time writing down credits and debits, and adding up columns of figures all day? Can’t be very exciting.

  2. So what do accountants do?

  1. You mean the shareholders?

  1. So you prepare reports for managers?

  1. And the cost of the accounts department!

  1. You mean what they do in the front of shops?

  2. Ah, now that’s interesting …

  1. Not at all. As a matter of fact, I’m a tax inspector …

    1. Ha! Now you’re going to ask me to tell you how you can pay less tax.

    1. No, managerial accountants do, but I work in cost accounting. We have to work out the real cost of each item the company makes, which means finding a way to allocate all the overheads to different products

    2. No, not only. Managers always need the help of accountants. They need financial statements, and budgets and cash-flow projections, and so on, to measure the success of what they’ve done, and to make decisions about allocating resources for future projects.

    3. Of course. But like I said, we’re necessary. And useful. Haven’t you heard of “window-dressing”?

    4. Sure, but it’s also another name for what some people call “creative accounting” – making a company’s financial situation look as good as possible in the balance sheet, and so on. It’s not very legal, but happens. The accountants in my firm also have lots of wonderful ways of reducing our tax bill.

    5. That’s bookkeeping. Not quite the same thing.

    1. Well, accountants do record cash flow, and the value of assets and liabilities, and they calculate profits and losses, and so on. But it’s not just writing down numbers. We’re really in the business of supplying people with information.

Text 7. Auditor and their report

Auditors are usually independent certified accountants who review the financial record of a company. These reviews are called audits. They are usually performed at fixed intervals – quarterly, semiannually or annually. Auditors are employed either regularly or on a part-time basis. Some large companies maintain a continuous internal audit by their own accounting departments. These auditors are called internal auditors.

Not so many years ago the presence of an auditor suggested that a company was having financial difficulties or that irregularities had been discovered in the records. Currently, however, outside audits are a normal and regular part of business practice.

Auditors see that current transactions are recorded promptly and completely. Their duty is to reduce the possibility of misappropriation, to identify mistakes or detect fraudulent transactions. Then they are usually requested to propose solutions for these problems.

Thus auditors review financial records and report to the management on the current state of the company’s fiscal affairs in the form of Auditor’s Report or Auditor’s Opinion.